ADHD Psychology FAQ About ADHD:

ADHD

Psychology

FAQ about ADHD: Some common concerns of parents

Why is hyperactivity such a debilitating diagnosis for my child?

Children who are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have trouble realizing their full potential in school, because they cannot concentrate. Because of poor performance, they may perceive themselves as 'stupid' and not achieve basic developmental milestones in their studies, although they are capable of doing so intellectually. They may become alienated from their peers as well as their teachers because of their defiant and attention-seeking behaviors, over which they have little control. Poor organizational skills and being easily distracted can also impair their success in sports and other extracurricular activities. Children who are impulsive may blurt out inappropriate things, behave rudely, or even engage in dangerous actions.

Q2: How does methylphenidate work?

Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication. Of course, this may seem like a contradiction: why prescribe a stimulant medication to an already hyperactive child? But "all stimulants work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain -- dopamine is a brain chemical (or neurotransmitter) associated with pleasure, movement, and attention" and because "methylphenidate amplifies the release of dopamine, it can improve attention and focus in individuals who have dopamine signals that are weak" (NIDA, 2009). It should be noted, however, that the mechanisms by which stimulant drugs like methylphenidate control ADHD are still not fully understood, and every child's medication and therapy program must be individualized. Some children flourish on Ritalin and Concerta (two of the prescription names of methylphenidate) while for others, more sedating medication is required. Therapy in conjunction with medication usually achieves the most effective results.

Q3: What side effects are typical when a child is taking methylphenidate?

According to the National Institute of Mental Health: "The most commonly reported side effects are decreased appetite, sleep problems, anxiety, and irritability. Some children also report mild stomachaches or headaches. Most side effects are minor and disappear over time or if the dosage level is lowered."

Q4: Can their children become addicted to methylphenidate?

While there has been a great deal of publicity in the media about how the drugs prescribed for ADHD have been abused, it is important to make a clear distinction between the pharmacological use of such drugs to treat behavioral disorders and individuals using them for recreational purposes. Individuals without ADHD who are self-prescribing, and using such medications to stay awake and focused for long periods of time are not carefully monitoring their doses to facilitate a normal existence, but are striving to test their limits.

Q5: Would consuming an addictive drug now increase my child's chances of abusing drugs later in life?