Enhancing Communication migration from 4G to 5G

Enhancing Communication, migration from 4G to 5G
Aims and objectives
1. To determine how the migration from 4G to 5G will enhance Communication
The primary aim of the dissertation is to determine how the migration from 4G to 5G will enhance Communication. Migration to 5G is expected to bring various enhancements as compared to the 4G. These enhancements include low latencies, high speeds, low power consumption, enhanced reliability, and greater terminal device densities. Also, and perhaps the most important features of 5G is the new network capabilities that could allow several virtual networks with differential performance capabilities to be supported by a single physical network (Alkhazaali 2017). Given these capabilities, this paper aims to determine how Communication will be enhanced.
2. To identify some of the challenges of 5G
Experience has shown that technology, however, how advanced, has some peculiar limitations that make it vulnerable. As a result, this dissertation will seek to identify challenges that are attached to migration from 4G to 5G. 5G is a term that is used to refer to communication values that are beyond 4G standards, and the projections for an umbrella execution of 5G was for 2020, however. Given the current COVID-19 scourge facing the world, it is expected that this projection will not hold, and an extension is inevitable. Thus far, some of the constraints attached to migration from 4G to 5G include multi-mode user terminals, security, the choice among the various wireless systems available, jamming and spoofing, and network infrastructure and Quality of service (QoS) support (Alkhazaali 2017).
3. To establish strategies to maximize the effectiveness of 5G for those migrating from 4G
With the expected challenges, this dissertation aims to present suggestions from experts in the field on the various strategies that can be used to address the challenges that face migration from 4G to 5G. The strategies will include possible technological adjustments to improve 5G performance, support systems, and possible improvements that can be included in the next generation of network improvements.
The objectives of the dissertation are;
i. To determine the specific aspects of 5G over 4G that could contribute to communication enhancement
ii. To establish expert opinions on the constrains that face migration from 4G to 5G
iii. To determine field experience with the migration to and use of 5G
iv. To determine expert opinions on potential solutions to the challenges facing 4G and possible improvements to enhance the effectiveness of 5G
Review of the current status
Communication networks have made significant improvements in the last few years. In the last decade, networks, and especially mobile communication networks have developed from Bluetooth, WLAN, 2G, and 3G to 4G communication networks. With the specific focus to 4G, which is the most predominant and popular network at the moment, it is a network that has been developed to enhance flawless integration of cellular networks, e.g., 3G and GSM (Alkhazaali 2017; Gandotra and Jha 2016). Currently, a combination of wireless networks, e.g., WLAN and PLMN, is used.
The development of 4G was as a result of unprecedented and ever-increasing growth of users and demand for data traffic as well as the emergence of new technologies, applications, and technologies in mobile Communication. The development of 3G led to the advanced technological requirement for 4G with a data rate of 1Gbps downlink and uplink 500 Mbps (Tehrani et al. 2014). However, currently, the number of networked devices and the need for applications that require low latency high data have increased exponentially, and the projection is that the current 4G technologies will be at their limit very soon, thus the need for 5G network.
Currently, the internet has become more concentrated, and especially with the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). This means that Communication is not just limited to the typical person-to-person Communication, but it also involves devices-2-device Communication. The increased demand for very high data and low latency networks is evident, and it is driving the rollout of 5G (Gandotra and Jha 2016; Tehrani et al. 2014). 5G is proposed to present communication standard beyond 4G/IMT-Advanced and beyond, referred to as "IMT-2020" (Shen 2015). The current research for 5G focuses on the need for higher capacity, low end-to-end latency, higher data rate, lower cost, increased efficient energy consumption, massive device and machine connectivity for IoT, and better QoS and improved experience.
Scientific analysis
One of the risks in migrating from 4G to 5G is the choice of wireless systems. Evert wireless has specific roles and features. To determine the best wireless system can only be done for a specific technology at a specific time and place and given the QoS requirements for the consumer (). In the process of migrating to 5G, this is a risk that might result in a try and error process in the process of selecting the best fit wireless system, as the previously used 4G system requirements will be different for 5G. The other thing that might go wrong when migrating to 5G is jamming and spoofing. Criminal entities might take advantage of these technologies for criminal activities.
Without a clear understanding of the specifics of the 5G wireless system, the risk of getting the wrong system if very real. Getting the wireless system wrong will mean install and reinstall, which results in higher migration costs, reduced business, and reputation damage for the organizations. On the other hand, jamming and spoofing is a real threat because as long as a GPS receiver can communicate with the main transmitter, then the link is not secure enough. This can result in both economic and reputation damage.
For these risks, the best option is to prevent them from occurring by hiring experts to work on the migration process. In such a case, in case the wireless system is not the best fit, then reinstallation costs will be borne by them. On the other hand, jamming and spoofing will be prevented by using encrypted data.
Risks
Risk severity level
Low
Medium
High
Multi-mode user terminals
Choice of the wireless system
Security
Infrastructure and QoS support
Charging and billing
Resources needed
The infrastructural resources needed to depend on the nature of the 5G deployment; Standalone Architecture (SA) or Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA). These notwithstanding, in general, there are several 5G deployment options. Option 1 requires an existing LTE/EPC architecture, option 2 is the targeted architecture with new radio and 5G core, and option 3 relies on existing LTE/EPC, which connects to New Radio (Penttinen 2019). The deployment of 5G requires authorization by the relevant National Regulation Authority for example, in the USA; the Federal Communications Commission is the regulatory authority that grants 5G deployment licenses. The deployment is done by a Certified 5G Migration and Deployment Expert with deep IT and cloud expertise.
To ensure security and confidentiality of the process, it is recommended that the migration process should be determined and foreseen by just a few of the personnel with top clearance in the organization (Zhang and Lin 2017). Once deployment, it is important to ensure data is encrypted to avoid the risks of jamming, spoofing, and all IT related security risks.
References
Alkhazaali, N.H., 2017. Mobile Communication through 5G Technology (Challenges and Requirements). International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, 10(05), p.202.
Gandotra, P., and Jha, R.K., 2016. Device-to-device communication in cellular networks: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 71, pp.99-117.
Penttinen, Jyrki T. J., et al. 2019. "Deployment," in 5G Explained: Security and Deployment of Advanced Mobile Communications, Wiley, pp.271-291
Shen, Xuemin. "Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks." IEEE Network 29, no. 2 (2015): 2-3.
Tehrani, M.N., Uysal, M., and Yanikomeroglu, H., 2014. Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks: challenges, solutions, and future directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(5), pp.86-92.
Zhang, A., and Lin, X., 2017. Security-aware and privacy-preserving D2D communications in 5G. IEEE Network, 31(4), pp.70-77.
Appendix
1. Data protection
Yes, the use of data will be consistent with the Data Protection Act of 2018. The research will utilize a survey method as well as expert opinions. In compliance with the Data Protection Act of 2018, there will be no individual identifying information included in the study report. For expert opinions, identifying information will be codified in line with the Data Protection Act of 2018.
2. Intellectual property
Yes, this research uses data that is covered by an intellectual property rights. This will mainly be published works. As an academic and scholarly work, this research will rely on data already published in other scholarly or industry works. This will be done to support the arguments used in the paper. More specifically, data that will be used will include interviews with industry professionals, interviews that present expert opinions on 5G networks. Such data will include recently published interviews with industry captains, e.g., Oracle CEO, Huawei Executive Engineer, etc. The use of this data is warranted by two aspects; first, the data is considered appropriate for the current study and two, because of the unlikelihood of securing an interview with these industry captains, recently published interviews or commentaries will be the best option to gain access to their expertise. When this data is used, it will be correctly acknowledged through referencing.
3. Computer misuse
The use of computers within the context of this research will be in line with the Computer Misuse Act 1990. This will be because the researcher does not need to or intent to access any unauthorized information through the computer.
4. Code of ethics
4.1. Human adults
Yes, the research might make the use of human adults through expert interviews. However, the involvement of these human adults will not require the completion of the London Metropolitan University ethical approval form. For ethical purposes, an Interview Consent form is all that will be required for this research.
4.2. Human children
No, this research will not involve, make use, rely on, or involve a human child or children in any way.
5. Academic misconduct
This paper makes and will, in the future (dissertation report), use other published or unpublished works by other authors. As a result, the author will diligently ensure that all foreign work is cited accordingly within the body of the text and in the references page.