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Most state and federal regulations related to the transportation of hazardous materials were first established in 1975 with the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. The Act broadly defines hazardous materials as anything that “may pose an unreasonable risk to health and safety or property,” (OSHA, 2017). In practice, hazardous materials generally include explosives, hazardous waste, gasses, radioactive material, flammable or combustible materials, and harmful chemicals. However, each state would have its own regulations, which sometimes conflicted with neighboring states or federal regulations. Further complicating the issues related to safe transport of hazardous materials was the fact that a large number of federal, state, and local agencies would have different jurisdictions and subject to different regulations or laws, such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Federal Railway Administration (FRA), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 2017).In 1990, Congress passed the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act (HMTUSA) to clarify and standardize regulations related to the safe transport of hazardous materials. Moreover, recent regulations are designed to harmonize with international standards “in order to facilitate foreign trade and maintain the competitiveness of U.S. goods,” (Federal Motor Carrier Safety...
Military shipments of hazardous materials are generally exempt from state and federal regulations; otherwise, all commercial shipments are subject to federal laws related to occupational safety and the HMTUSA. In general though, federal law ultimately requires that every driver carrying hazardous materials must be made aware of their role and must have received proper training and certification within the state issuing their commercial drivers’ license. In fact, all hazardous material must be “properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized,” (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 2017). Thus, in addition to a commercial drivers’ license (CDL), “federal and state laws require a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) endorsement on your CDL before you can legally transport hazardous material,” (“HAZMAT Endorsement,” 2017). Because of the legal requirements to label and license drivers transporting hazardous materials, it is impossible for a driver to legally remain unaware of the contents of the shipment.
Different licensing and certification processes continue to complicate matters related to hazardous materials transport, though. In addition to different processes of acquiring both the CDL and the HAZMAT endorsements within each state, each commercial driver must also pass a TSA security assessment—essentially a type of criminal background check (“HAZMAT Endorsement,”…
Ones a site has been detected or surveyed to contain such carcinogens, proper protection should be availed to the brigade before they are allowed to access the site. Neurotoxic Chemicals Neorutoxic chemicals can cause damage (reversible or irreversible) to the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) or the peripheral nervous system (the nerves responsible for movement and sensation in the arms, hands, legs, and feet). This can be
This is because most of the time, these pipelines run through underground where they are rarely disturbed (Office of Technology Assessment, n.d). Secondly, pipeline transportation is characterized by absence of freight loss in transit and since it operates in all weather and is therefore reliable. Loading and unloading labor and costs are mechanized and thus lowered. Packaging is not usually done in pipeline transportation and therefore packaging costs are
In cases involving continued discrimination, disability lawyers have made the point that freedom of movement is essential in making sure that such individuals are gainfully employed. Access to public transportation can abrogate the need for continued public assistance in financial terms. Legislators, too, have recognized access to transportation as a necessary prerequisite to obtaining work. A Harris poll cited by Senator Durenberger noted that, "three of ten disabled persons stated that
Hazardous Chemicals In the modern developed world, chemicals play an important role in our lives. They are part of our food, the way we commute, how we live, and how we clean. There are a number of household chemicals, though, that are hazardous or toxic. These chemicals, if used improperly, can affect our health, and are particularly dangerous to those who already have compromised immune systems, the very old or very
The significance of exact transport actions and infrastructure can therefore be assessed for each division of the economy (Rodrigue, 2011). Transportation connects together the aspects of production in a multifaceted web of associations between producers and consumers. The result is usually a more competent division of production by a utilization of geographical relative advantages, as well as the means to develop financial systems of degree and range. The output of
Any organization that deals directly with petroleum-based products, including storage facilities, will be affected by the act. The act also provides for Area Contingency Plans in case of emergency. The Pollution Prevention Act aims to reduce pollution "through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use," ("Pollution Prevention Act"). Recycling programs fall under the Pollution Prevention Act; therefore, organizations might be required under this law to participate in