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Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources
NIPP (National Infrastructure Protection Plan) offers the necessary structure for coordination, synchronization and integration of activities originating from different pertinent statutes, presidential directives and national strategies for the creation of a combined countrywide approach for the implementation of the protection mission of CIKR (Moteff & Parfomak, 2004). The continuity and protection of CIKR is fundamental for national security, safety, vitality, lifestyle and public health. Critical infrastructure can be understood as the systems, networks and assets, virtual or physical (Fisher & Norman 2010). Critical infrastructure is quite fundamental to a nation to the extent that their destruction or incapacitation may cause a devastating impact on public health, national security, safety, or a combination of all (Moteff & Parfomak 2004). Critical infrastructure sectors include:
Food and Agriculture: This sector can be understood as the national animals, feeds, and feeds supply chain as well as the fertilizer, seeds and farm input supply chain alongside other such like materials. It also entails the supply chain for food components available in the post-harvesting period. It comprises of production, processing and packing, storage, distribution, retail, home consumption, restaurants, and food services for institutions (Fisher & Norman 2010).
Finance and Banking: The sector entails institutions entitled for the provision of services such as deposits, credit, liquidity products, payment systems, consumer credit, products for risk transfer such as insurance, and investment products (Moteff & Parfomak 2004).
Chemical: The sector can be apportioned into 5 principle segments that are dependent on the final product. The final product may be the basic chemicals, agricultural chemicals, consumer...
Public assembly entails convention centers, museums, zoos, aquariums, arenas and stadiums. Sports league entail sports federations, and professional sporting leagues. Lodgings entail conference centers, motels and hotels. Outdoor events include parades, campgrounds, fairs, amusement parks and theme parks (Moteff & Parfomak 2004).
Communications: The sector is made up of extensive communication infrastructure including cable, satellite, broadcasting, wire and wireless infrastructure, and other services like cable television, internet and information services (Moteff & Parfomak 2004).
Critical manufacturing: The sector entails manufacturers who are skilled in distribution, production and designing of products which other sectors do not cover. They include primary metal processing and production (Steel mills, ferroalloy, iron, aluminum, and alumina), machinery, electrical equipment, machinery (such as power transmission, turbines, and engines), aerospace products, rolling stock, railroad etc. (Fisher & Norman 2010).
Dams: The sector is characterized by networks, systems, functions and assets associated with navigation locks, hurricane barriers, dam projects, impoundments for mine tailings, and other water control and retention facilities (Moteff & Parfomak 2004). Dams offer social, environmental and economic benefits such as hydroelectric power production, water supply, navigation, waste management, recreation, flood control and wildlife habitation.
Defense industrial center: The sector has different segments, sub segments and supplies that entail platforms…
Infrastructure is effectively what makes a nation run. It encompasses the people, places, and things necessary to deliver critical services and goods. The US Department of Homeland Security often abbreviates critical infrastructure as CIKR (Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources) and defines CIKR as consisting of, “the assets of the United States essential to the nation's security, public health and safety, economic vitality, and way of life,” including “power grids and
Published by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003, authored by President George W. Bush, The National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets is the first document of its kind. After September 11 and the creation of the DHS, swift action was taken to synergize national security efforts and interests. The National Strategy redefines the meaning and definition of critical infrastructure and key assets,
Security of the Nation’s Critical Infrastructure Many of the elements of the nation’s critical infrastructure are highly vulnerable to attacks due to remoteness (such as in the case of dams or water treatment facilities), size (such as in the case of water reservoirs) or other attributes of the facilities that can be exploited by terrorists. Because even minor disruptions in the nation’s critical infrastructure can have severe consequences for Americans, identifying
Infrastructure For the Indus Towers project, one of the challenges is to find goal congruence with the three major stakeholder groups. The three stakeholder groups are the three companies engaged in the joint venture -- Bharti Airtel, Vodafone and Idea Cellular. The Indus Towers venture is an effort between the three partners to join their tower resources. The three stakeholders are the three largest players in the Indian market. Airtel operates
Infrastructure Protection Utilities such as water, natural gas, and electricity are considered lifelines for the United States and its economy. Are they vulnerable to terrorist attacks or natural disasters? How can they be protected and secured? Importance of Infrastructure Critical infrastructures, such as telecommunications, energy, banking and finance, transportation, water systems and emergency services are the foundations of modern society. They support and maintain the economic operation and activities of our communities
Infrastructure is the foundation of a healthy economy and an equitable society. The World Bank's Policy Research Report on Reforming Infrastructure: Privatization, Regulation, and Competition evaluates infrastructure issues in several major sectors: telecommunications, electricity, transportation, and water. Within these infrastructural areas, the report addresses topics related to privatization, state ownership, competition, and regulation. Finally, the report incorporates social and economic concerns into proposed policy reforms. Both privatization and state control