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¶ … Social Construction of Gender, by Judith Lorber begins of with the briefest history of Western philosophy's view of women prior to the 18th century. That biologically women were basically men turned inside out, as far as their genitalia were concerned at least. Yet at least at that time, the author states, that women and men had their place in the social order of things, whether or not it was equal was not that much of a concern, at least for men. However, as science began to rise and dethrone God's and religion's place in the universe, women were found to be so different from men as to almost be a "different species." The variation within both gender classes is largely ignored and the two separate classes of male and female are sacrosanct. This necessity of division and the need to distinctly define each has become almost a paranoia in Lorber's eyes.
She sites the case in sports and the recent controversy about gender in the Olympics that has occurred. While women are given a barrage of gynecological to see if they are "woman" enough, men are not tested. What is not tested is whether or not women have the skills or abilities for the sport, just the chromosomes. This double standard pervades sports as well as other sectors of life creating scientific gender bias rather than understanding. This has created a double consciousness of sorts in women's psyches wherein on job or at the sport they are one way and outside of it they are another. The author states that gender division does not arise from simply a biological standpoint but from the "exigencies of the social order." For the most part this means that most women will in some way play to the social order as they have programmed to do so in order to have some feedback of efficacy and self-worth as a human being. Lorber believes that by deconstructing the existing bipolar categories that new categories based on similarities and differences in behavior will be more beneficial to all concerned, especially women, in the long run.
Social Construction of Technology Technology …almost everything is negotiable: what is certain and what is not: who is a scientist and who is a technologist; what is technological and what is social; and who can participate in the controversy. (Pinch & Bijker, 1984) The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) is a theory within several areas including philosophy of technology, sociology of science, and science & technology studies. The theory was developed in the
Social Construction of Race and Gender The purpose of this article is to explore the methods by which Social Construction of Race and Gender are reproduced in the 21st century. In the past, commonplace social practices of discrimination such as segregation in schools, restrictive covenants and redlining in housing, "whites only" drinking fountains, blacks on the back of the bus, and the KKK left no question about the role of racism
social construction relate critical incident stress? 2. Is CISM applicable emergency -emergency persons? Why ? 3. Why important distinguish CISM psychotherapy? Sources: Mitchell, J. CISM: Questions How does social construction relate to critical incident stress? Stresses from critical incidents do not occur in a 'bubble.' Social pressures are critical components of interpersonal and environmental stress, spanning from the problems that arise from drug and alcohol abuse; emotional, physical, and sexual workplace violence;
Mona Lisa Smile The movie "Mona Lisa Smile" has within its plot and theme a number of examples of gender construction, and the characters play out their roles based largely on the concept of the social construction of gender. This paper will delve into how gender roles are portrayed in the film, and the paper will use available literature and critiques of the social construction of gender. Social Construction of Gender An article
Social Construction In today's modern world, organizations have become global, where people from different countries and cultures come together to work for common and shared organizational goals. Several cultural issues arise when employees from distinct backgrounds are in the same place. Religion is one of the most critical ones since it is the set of spiritual beliefs and values that individuals follow in their daily lives. They expect their organizations to
Summary Suchman proposed five stages of illness behavior, referring to reactions to symptoms. The first stage is the experience of symptoms. Some patients see a doctor at first sign of symptoms whereas others wait until an illness progresses to severe stages. The second stage of illness behavior is the assumption of the sick role, followed by the third stage of medical care contact. The fourth stage is the dependent-patient role, and