Piaget stated that he believed some 'primitive' peoples never achieve the final stage of formal operations, reflecting his Eurocentric bias -- and his bias in prioritizing abstraction over concrete reasoning as a theorist. Lawrence Kohlberg has been accused of a similar bias in his conceptualization of moral development. According to Kohlberg, children proceed through a series of six stages in which they first obey out of a fear of punishment, then out of devotion to 'rules,' and only later do they formulate higher ethical principles. In Kohlberg's analysis, at the highest moral level of development, "laws are evaluated in terms of their coherence with basic principles of fairness rather than upheld simply on the basis of their place within an existing social order. Thus, there is an understanding that elements of morality such as regard for life and human welfare transcend particular cultures and societies and are to be upheld irrespective of other conventions or normative obligations" (Nucci 2008).
Like Piaget, Kohlberg placed a strong emphasis on abstraction as a higher form of processing information. The feminist theorist Carol Gillian has taken Kohlberg to task for...
Gillian's theory also reflects a great deal of Freudian emphasis upon the mother-child relationship, stating that a higher-order, more abstract concept of moral justice "was more prevalent among boys because their attachment relations with the mother, and subsequent masculine identity formation entailed that boys separate from that relationship and individuate from the mother. For boys, this separation also heightens their awareness of the difference in power relations between themselves and the adult, and hence engenders an intense set of concerns over inequalities" (Nucci 2008).
Jean Piaget: The Man Who Listened to Children As a distinct form of scientific study, psychology does not boast a long history. During the earliest years of its practice, the study was used in a sort of "one size fits all" manner, with the client undergoing the same sort of analysis regardless of gender, age, or background. As more information was gathered through actual interaction with subjects from different parts of
Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Indiana.edu. 2006). Piaget's work has influenced other educators and philosophers who share the same respect for children. Examples are John Dewey, Maria Montessori and Paulo Freire, who have fought harder for immediate change in schools. Additionally, Piaget has
Such adaptations include "altruism, humor, anticipation (looking ahead and planning for future discomfort), suppression (a conscious decision to postpone attention to an impulse or conflict, to be addressed in good time), and sublimation (finding outlets for feelings, like putting aggression into sport, or lust into courtship)" (Shenk 2009, p.2). Greta needs a new outlet and a life outside of her husband and the university community. She had an independent
Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory The way we consider development and disability has started to change. With these progressions come new potential outcomes for moving toward the treatment of kids with disabilities. These new thoughts broadly look at health and improvement, considering them to be perplexing networks of cooperation instead of simple chains of timed situations (McLinden, 2012). Piaget's hypothesis of cognitive development generally manages the view that all species acquire
Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was intrigued with the reasons children gave to justify their incorrect answers to questions that called for the application of logic. He interpreted these as symbols indicating just how differently adults and children think. In his view, a child's thinking is influenced by the experiences they have with their environment and how mature their biological system is. Towards this end, a child will often
Outline Template: Jean Piaget Essay I. Introduction A. Historical context of Piaget and why it is important to study the theories of Jean Piaget. B. The importance of cognitive development and the concept of stages of development. C. How progressing through the stages of development can lead to successful schemas or to pathological constructs that cause mental or behavioral health issues. II. First body paragraph: Background information A. Who was Jean Piaget B. Who influenced Piaget C. Piaget’s