1,023 words

Negative in-group stereotyping and social identity theory

Allport (1979), what usually defines an in-group is that all of its members "use the term we with the same essential significance." (p. 31) The attachment in such cases is variable and flexible, meaning one can change profession or school and thus become member of a different in-group.

~6 min read

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1,610 words

Qualitative data collection methods and participant observation in research

This role is used in certain settings, for example in ethnographies, action research and case studies (Iacono, Brown & Holtham, 2009). Participant observation is typically used when there are special insights to be gained from being a participating, as opposed to a passive, observer.

~9 min read

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2,039 words

The pharmacology and history of cocaine addiction in America

Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. It is a stimulant, appetite suppressant and a sodium channel blocker that causes it to be an anesthetic at low doses. It is highly addictive because of its effect on the brain's reward pathways.

~11 min read

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2,207 words

Motivational enhancement therapy for substance abuse in African-American males

Substance abuse is a significant problem for all Americans. Research has revealed increased risk factors including exposure to drugs among African-American males, making a race-specific intervention program necessary to ensure recovery success rates (Wallace & Muroff, 2002).

~12 min read

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1,234 words

Parental education and involvement in European and Latino adolescent outcomes

The author of this article has been asked to conduct a literature review of three articles related to the seventh NCFR substance item, that being parental education and guidance. A total of three articles will be reviewed. There will be a review, summary and critique of each of the articles.

~7 min read

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1,265 words

Jack Solomon's critique of the American Dream's competitive elitism

According to Jack Solomon, the American dream "has two faces: the one communally egalitarian and the other competitively elitist." Egalitarianism is a myth that Americans aspire to, but a goal that is impossible to fulfill due to structural inequities and institutionalized racism and sexism.

~7 min read

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2,098 words

Employee motivation and pay structure at Ethan Allen design firm

Problem Analysis, Solutions and Recommendations.

~11 min read

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2,213 words

Taylor-Heald's three paradigms of spelling instruction in grades three to six

spelling instruction are presented and compared in the article, 'Three paradigms of spelling instruction in grades 3 to 6' (Taylor-Heald, 1998).

~12 min read

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1,563 words

Teacher burnout prevention through continuous professional development and pedagogical innovation

This paper looks at the ideas of whether teachers should be made to go back into learning to gain a new license after a period of time, also looking at how their time can be best used with initiating new forms and methods into the classroom.

~8 min read

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1,237 words

The ethics and effects of sex in advertising

Many advertisers know the power of using sex in advertising. Sex sells. Pretty female models in bathing suits are used in car ads. Years ago, a pretty blonde woman was in a shaving cream commercial on television urging men to take it all off. Women are used as sex objects more frequently than men.

~7 min read

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