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The most effective way in which to guard against threats to internal validity while honoring the necessity in some cases for the use of a longitudinal studies is to assess events that have occurred in the environment. The study could also be supplemented with one-time interviews with individuals who had recently lost their spouses and those who had not, matching the two groups as closely as possible in other ways.
Threats to external validity are less important in quasi-experimental than in experimental design; this said, the primary threat to experimental validity in this case is the small sample size.
Deskovitz, M., Key, D.Hill, E.M.,...
(2004). A long-term family-oriented treatment for adolescents with substance-related disorders: An outcome study. Child and adolescent social work journal 21(3): 265-284.
The above study surveyed individuals who had completed a long-term day treatment facility for substance abuse over a five-year period. It utilized an experimental technique by including all of the graduates in the subject pool. The authors examined the series of survey results to derive what factors pushed some subjects into abstinence while others relapsed. They concluded that those who felt that they had "hit bottom" were the ones who could maintain sobriety.
Threats to external validity are less important in quasi-experimental than in experimental design; this said, the primary threat to experimental validity in this case is the small sample size.
Deskovitz, M., Key, D.Hill, E.M., & Franklin, J.T. (2004). A long-term family-oriented treatment for adolescents with substance-related disorders: An outcome study. Child and adolescent social work journal 21(3): 265-284.
The above study surveyed individuals who had completed a long-term day treatment facility for substance abuse over a five-year period. It utilized an experimental technique by including all of the graduates in the subject pool. The authors examined the series of survey results to derive what factors pushed some subjects into abstinence while others relapsed. They concluded that those who felt that they had "hit bottom" were the ones who could maintain sobriety.
In this regard, Sheve adds that, "For these people, assisted living may be the answer. Assisted living facilities fill a gap between complete independence and around-the-clock care. It's an option for those who are 'mostly abled' and who still want (and can safely live with) a high degree of freedom and independence" (para. 4). Not surprisingly, the continuum of care required for the elderly is closely associated with the
Epidemiology of Elderly Driving Safety Annotated Bibliography Ball, K., Edwards, JD, Ross, LA, and McGwin, G. (2010) Cognitive Training Decreases Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement of Older Drivers. The American Geriatrics Society. Journal Compilation. 58:2107-2113. The work of Ball, Edwards, Ross and McGwin (2010) reports a randomized, controlled, multisite, single-blind clinical trial in a community of seniors in four cities in the United States including Birmingham, Alabama; Baltimore, Maryland, Indianapolis, Indiana, and State College,
Additionally stated is that substance abuse treatment admission rates among adults aged 55 or older "tended to be highest in northern and northeaster states...in 1999. (Reach of Louisville, SIG, 2009 ) It is reported that study findings have demonstrated that the most benefit from counseling and treatment for substance abuse is that which elderly people "may derive most benefit from..." (Reach of Louisville, SIG, 2009 ) X. Case Study Review The
Substance abuse is a common affliction among the elderly population. Several factors may contribute to the prevalence of alcoholism and drug abuse among older adults, including loneliness, poor health, and depression. The most rapidly growing segment of the American population is the elderly, and whether or not alcohol can be considered beneficial or detrimental in this population depends on the doses being consumed (Ferreira and Weems, 2008). However, the population
Not only that, the results of eating badly is harmful. Holland and Barrett magazine reports: "If your diet isn't as balanced as you'd hope for, there's a chance you could be missing out on L. Trytophan - an important amino acid that plays a vital role in the production of brain chemicals." If one's diet is lacking it, the safest way to get this supplement is in the form
CANADA'S ABORIGINAL PEOPLE Suicide amongst Canada's Aboriginal People Suicide amongst Canada's Aboriginal People The aboriginal people of Canada have faced injustices perpetrated through colonization, cultural prejudice, and forced assimilation among many other social injustices. The perpetrators, who include the Canadian dominant population, did this without considering the aboriginal people's well-being. Therefore, in an attempt to reduce the social problems they faced, the aboriginal people taken part in habits such as alcoholism, violence, and