He had shabby slippers on his feet. His hair was black, still Unmixed with gray, stiff, somewhat bushy, and had apparently been acquainted with neither brush nor comb that morning, after the disarrangement of the pillow; and as to a nightcap, Uncle Abe probably knows nothing of such effeminacies .... The whole physiognomy is as coarse a one as you would meet anywhere in the length and breadth of the States; but, withal, it is redeemed, illuminated, softened, and brightened, by a kindly though serious look out of his eyes, and an expression of homely sagacity, that seems weighted with rich results of village experience.
Here was an authentic vision of the president: an astute description of a man unlike others in appearance in nearly every waytall, lanky, awkward, yet not without some wisdom and sense. Lets look at some of the ways in which Hawthorne paints Lincoln so effectively that it frightened The Atlantic into editing it out!
Lincolns attire is described firstwhich makes sense: after all, the way a man presents himself to the world is most evident in the manner that he clothes himself. A vagrant is easily distinguishable from a gentleman by the garments that garb him. So it is with the presidentthe august dignitary, whom Hawthorne no doubt expected to see in finer threads and with more consideration for his appearance that was evident. Hawthornes first descriptive word is rustya word that carries both denotative and connotative meaning. Denotatively, rusty refers to something that is old, brittle, eaten through, corroded, exposed too long to the elements. Connotatively, rusty conveys a sense of carelessness, neglect, disregard, and a lack of use. To say that Lincolns black frock-coat is rusty is to suggest that the presidents appearance is not in top form to say the least. Hawthorne moves on to Lincolns pants, calling them unbrushedmeaning, they are wrinkled and unkempt: the president has taken no care to tend to his accoutrements but has rather felt all right within himself to wear the same pair of pants day in and day out without concern for wearing them out. Instead of saying that Lincolns suit was worn out, however, Hawthorne says this: it was worn so faithfully that the suit had adapted itself to the curves and angularities of his figure. Hawthornes eyes then reach Lincolns feet where he finds that the president is not wearing shoes but rather shabby slippers. The portrait thus far is of a man who seems to be unaware of the dignity of his office, of his person, of his place, and of his general appearance. For a publication seeking to support the president in all his aims, perhaps it is no wonder that The Atlantic chose to edit out this description!
Hawthorne then sends his eyes up to the top of Lincolns frame and describes the mans head of hairblack, still unmixed with grayindicating that the signs of wisdom and old age had yet to show themselves in the hairs on head. Hawthorne goes on to comment on the appearance of the hair by way of personificationgiving the reader the impression that the hair was like a person who had acquaintances and that, unfortunately, the hair had not met Mr. Bruh or Mr. Comb that morning after the disarrangement of the pillow. This is a humorous aside from Hawthorne that gives to the reader the impression that the president has just entered the room to greet the visiting delegation with bed headi.e., as though he has just rolled out of bed and perhaps even had slept in his clothes. Hawthorne does not tell us this but rather shows us this through his use of imagery and other literary devices.
Having identified a number of negative aspects of the presidents appearance, Hawthorne now moves on to saying something nice about Lincolns looks: he notes the illuminated, softened, and brightened aspect of the presidents kindly but serious eyes. Hawthorne describes it as an expression of homely sagacity, that seems weighted with rich results of village experience. The compliment is somewhat backhanded: homely sagacity means unattractive wisdomas though the depth of Lincolns knowledge and understanding is not reflected well in his face, which is still far from appealing in many ways. And Hawthorne continues the backhanded compliment with the qualification of Lincolns wisdom as being formed by the rich results of village experiencemeaning that Lincoln is really just a country bumpkinexactly as his clothes and manners suggest. Yet, in spite of these details, Hawthorne retains some respect for the…
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