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Finance
Capital generated in the industrialized countries finds its way mostly to other industrialized countries and emerging markets. In the year 2006, total foreign direct investment was 1305.9 billion dollars and climbed 17.8% in 2007 to 1537.9 billion dollars (Foreign direct investments in 2007). In 2006, a huge chunk of the capital, 910 billion dollars, went into OECD countries (OECD, 2007) which have high income and a high human development index and are regarded as developed countries. Further, none of the top twenty countries receiving FDI included a less-developed country (LDC) (OCO Global, 2008). In fact, emerging countries China and India occupied the number one and number three spots while the highly developed United States held position number two for inflow of FDI (OCO Global, 2008).
To understand the disparity in FDI received by LDCs and other nations, consider the following FDI inflows into the LDCs in 2000-05 were three times higher than in the preceding 10 years, but still they accounted for only 1% of world inflows in 2000-05 and 0.7% of world stock in 2005 (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2007). On top of this, it's important to remember that FDI inflows to the LDCs are highly concentrated geographically: four petroleum-producing LDCs - Angola, Chad, Equatorial Guinea and Sudan - received more than half (56%) of the total FDI inflows going to all 50 LDCs in 2000-05 (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2007).
LDCs are riskier investments than emerging countries. Emerging countries show signs of advancement in their financial structures - banks, stock markets, regulatory bodies, and have reached a certain level of maturity in terms of depth, breadth and liquidity in its financial structure and economy as a whole (What is the distinction between less developed and emerging markets?). Less developed countries, on the other hand, have not yet reached this stage of financial and economic development.
Bibliography
OECD. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/43/38818788.pdf
OCO Global. http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/global-foreign-direct-investment-grows-to-almost-1-trillion-in,301274.shtml
Foreign direct investments in 2007. EconomyWatch. http://www.economywatch.com/foreign-direct-investment/2007.html
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=8624&intItemID=4431&lang=1
What is the distinction between less developed and emerging markets?
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_distinction_between_less_developed_and_emerging_markets
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