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What is Business?

Whether you are a business major or seeking your MBA, earning a business degree actually involves learning a wide variety of theories, skills, and approaches and then being able to apply them to different scenarios. In fact, the case study is a powerful tool in business education, with students first studying real-life cases to see how business leaders reacted to situations and then with students analyzing how they would react in the same scenario. In fact, some of these case studies have become integral to studying business, so that the top schools for business publish and sell their own case studies.

The study of business usually begins with an examination of the structure of the business environment. This involves an examination of the various types of business structures: sole proprietorships, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, cooperatives, and S corporations. It also discusses the various stakeholders in a business and how their interests impact business goals and ways of doing business. The study of business also examines how the external environment impacts an organization’s growth, including factors like the globalization of business.

Another critical area of study for is human resources. While the study of human resources touches on some of the laws that govern employers and employees, it also goes beyond the law. Human resources also focuses on business communication and ensuring that employees and managers are properly trained to communicate effectively. Human resources generally oversees organizational training, therefore motivation, leadership, management, corporate culture, and crises management all fall under the human resources’ umbrella.

Of course, no study of business is complete without an understanding of accounting and finance. Understanding money helps a business major understand how to get funding for a venture, how to approach working capital, how to develop a budget, and how to handle incoming and outgoing accounts. The study of finance may also touch on more complicated concepts such as ratio analysis and even delve into assessment of the stock market. However, a more in-depth study of finance and accounting is usually done in tailored accounting or finance courses.

Marketing is also an important topic in business. Outside of the business realm, marketing is often confused with advertising. However, marketing involves much more than advertising a product. Marketing is concerned with the 4Ps: selecting a Product; determining the Price; selecting a distribution channel or Place; and developing a Promotion strategy. One element of marketing is understanding supply and demand, which is often taught to students through the use of Forio’s Root Beer Game. Furthermore, with globalization, global marketing strategies and the use of e-commerce have become critical elements in marketing.

Finally, the study of business looks at operations management. While operations management may seem like a catch-all phrase, its overarching goal is to ensure streamlined business processes that optimize efficiency. Operations management examines: costs and revenues; profits; break even analysis; production planning; distribution channels; project management; and quality assurance. In fact, much of the continuing education and training that business people receive is focused on operations management; a Six Sigma black belt can be described as an expert in operations management.  [ Show Less ]

 

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Paper Undergraduate
Comparative analysis of 3M, Procter & Gamble, and General Electric
As the leading provider of consumer, commercial and institutional soap, cleansers, and packaged goods, Procter & Gamble (P&G) (NYSE:PG) has chosen to take a global leadership position in the areas of sustainability and environmental effectiveness. The cornerstone of the strategic initiatives is the development of a thorough methodology for assessing, analyzing, measuring, and reporting corporate-wide performance to sustainability goals and guidelines. P&G has isolated the greatest potential risks to their sustainability objectives as being in their globally-based supply chain (Warner, 2008). To gain greater insights into how they can alleviate the significant risk associated with suppliers, who if not well managed could jeopardize the entire series of strategic initiatives surrounding sustainability, P&G created the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecard (P&G, 2010a). The methodology behind this scorecard form the basis of measurement, assessment and reporting systems within P&G today and have since been emulated by other suppliers as well, as their results are quantifiable (Richardson, 2005). Previous to the scorecard being defined, P&G often relied on a wide range of metrics, scorecards and analytics platforms that were never in sync with one another, often causing less-than-optimal levels of quality to be attained (P&G, 2010). There was also a significant level of siloed operations going on, as P&G operates across more than 130 counties and dominates the top-of-mind awareness levels in each national and global market those choose to compete in. While P&G is best known for its marketing prowess, its supply chain and quality management operations, and now its sustainability initiatives, have gained it significant traction in global markets (Joseph, 2010). According to the latest annual reports from P&G, the global soap and cleaning compound manufacturing industry is valued at $54.7B in 2011, growing at a relative flat 3.7% compound annual growth rate through 2012. P&G holds a commanding share in this industry globally, challenged by well-known brands including Colgate-Palmolive, Ecolab and S.C. Johnson, in addition to a few more dozen smaller competitors scattered across geographic regions. P&G competes across many sub-segments of the consumer and commercial cleaning markets, personal care, personal and commercial soap in addition to consumer packaged goods. Of their many lines of business however, P&G faces the toughest challenges in the areas of government regulation and continued government monitoring of environmental performance in the chemically-based production processes it has. Of the several agencies that routinely monitor and at times even fine P&G if they do not comply with government requirements, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is often the most rigorous and thorough in their assessments (Joseph, 2010). The costs of non-compliance for P&G can be in the tens of millions of dollars and can also significantly slow down a new product introduction process as well (Warner, 2008). A lack of quality management is such a significant risk for the company that they have chosen to attack it as an opportunity to gain greater lean manufacturing and process workflows into their company. This more aggressive stance on quality management has helped to save the company literally millions of dollars in fines while also setting the foundation for greater performance gains through its green and sustainability-based initiatives globally (P&G, 2010). P&G has also appointed a Vice President of SustainAbility who has the primary role of ensuring all sustainability initiatives and programs are coordinated and work towards the strategic objectives the company has (Joseph, 2010). Not satisfied with the role being within a functional area, P&G has elevated this position to report directly to the CEO, creating a position that has oversight of nearly 75,000 suppliers globally. P&G has also given this person direct accountability for the performance of each product division and brand to the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecards mentioned in this analysis. The integration of metrics, key performance indicators (KPIs) and the use of corporate-wide and by-division Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecards has helped P&G surpass even its own expectations and led to sustainability objectives being achieved (Warner, 2008). The remainder of this analysis includes an assessment of the progress P&G is making on their sustainable business objectives, an analysis of the measurement methods they are using and reporting including the Supplier Environmental Sustainability Scorecard, in addition to a series of recommendations and a conclusion.
Essay Doctorate
International Marketing and Culture Globalization Has Increased
Globalization has increased opportunities for international marketing and business for many companies that could not afford to do so in the past. Many researchers consider international marketing to be synonymous with…
Essay Doctorate
South Australia Ambulance Service Organizational Behaviour Case
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Research Paper Undergraduate
Temple- Its Ministry and Services
In The Temple: Its Ministry and Services, Alfred Edersheim seeks to show the reader Jerusalem as it was in the days of Christ. First, Edersheim seeks to show how the physical structure of the Temple.
Research Paper Undergraduate
The leadership challenge: perspectives and insights
The book by James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner - the Leadership Challenge - has launched these two management and HR consultants into a highly visible and very successful position as "experts" on leadership.
Research Paper Undergraduate
Leadership in an American Company.
¶ … leadership in an American company. Specifically it will research former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner and his leadership style. Lou Gerstner served as CEO of International Business Machines (IBM) from 1993 through 2002.
Paper Undergraduate
Business plan financials and financial projections
8a) There are several critical risks that could compromise our ability to achieve our projected financial results. The first is customer reception to our product/service offering. The Custom Snowboards value proposition…
Paper Undergraduate
Privacy concepts and applications
Ethics of privacy is a very controversial ethical issue that affects just about everyone in the world today. Who can access your information stored on computer systems? What kind of information should be stored there?
Paper Undergraduate
The Second Vatican Council
Vatican Council II stands out as unique in the Catholic Church's near 2000-year history. From 1962 to 1965 the massive council met in Vatican City to update the Church's stance on liturgical and theological matters.
Paper Undergraduate
Colander, David. The Stories We
Colander, David. The stories we tell: A reconsideration of as/AD analysis.