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What is Business?

Whether you are a business major or seeking your MBA, earning a business degree actually involves learning a wide variety of theories, skills, and approaches and then being able to apply them to different scenarios. In fact, the case study is a powerful tool in business education, with students first studying real-life cases to see how business leaders reacted to situations and then with students analyzing how they would react in the same scenario. In fact, some of these case studies have become integral to studying business, so that the top schools for business publish and sell their own case studies.

The study of business usually begins with an examination of the structure of the business environment. This involves an examination of the various types of business structures: sole proprietorships, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, cooperatives, and S corporations. It also discusses the various stakeholders in a business and how their interests impact business goals and ways of doing business. The study of business also examines how the external environment impacts an organization’s growth, including factors like the globalization of business.

Another critical area of study for is human resources. While the study of human resources touches on some of the laws that govern employers and employees, it also goes beyond the law. Human resources also focuses on business communication and ensuring that employees and managers are properly trained to communicate effectively. Human resources generally oversees organizational training, therefore motivation, leadership, management, corporate culture, and crises management all fall under the human resources’ umbrella.

Of course, no study of business is complete without an understanding of accounting and finance. Understanding money helps a business major understand how to get funding for a venture, how to approach working capital, how to develop a budget, and how to handle incoming and outgoing accounts. The study of finance may also touch on more complicated concepts such as ratio analysis and even delve into assessment of the stock market. However, a more in-depth study of finance and accounting is usually done in tailored accounting or finance courses.

Marketing is also an important topic in business. Outside of the business realm, marketing is often confused with advertising. However, marketing involves much more than advertising a product. Marketing is concerned with the 4Ps: selecting a Product; determining the Price; selecting a distribution channel or Place; and developing a Promotion strategy. One element of marketing is understanding supply and demand, which is often taught to students through the use of Forio’s Root Beer Game. Furthermore, with globalization, global marketing strategies and the use of e-commerce have become critical elements in marketing.

Finally, the study of business looks at operations management. While operations management may seem like a catch-all phrase, its overarching goal is to ensure streamlined business processes that optimize efficiency. Operations management examines: costs and revenues; profits; break even analysis; production planning; distribution channels; project management; and quality assurance. In fact, much of the continuing education and training that business people receive is focused on operations management; a Six Sigma black belt can be described as an expert in operations management.  [ Show Less ]

 

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Supply Chain Information Technology in Supply Chain
In this paper, we evaluate the role played by information technology in the improvement of supply chain operations. The main aim is to evaluate how information technology can be used in the achievement of a competitive advantage in regard to the supply chain operations. This is conducted in light of factors such as exchange of information, coordination, and integration of interfirm activities as well as supply chain responsiveness.
Essay Doctorate
AVON Calls on Foreign Markets Avon Believed
Introduction Avon believed that having regionalized new product development centers, supply chain operations, marketing and sales divisions would make them more competitive in foreign markets. Ironically the exact opposite happened, as the case illustrates. Avon's performance was drastically reduced and the duplication of effort crippled the organization. Unfortunately the highly decentralized, market-driven organizational structure that Avon had such high expectations for failure to deliver the results needed to keep the company growing. The net outcome of the highly decentralized organizational structure was a massive duplication of effort and cost overruns; the organizational structure turned into more of a liability than strategic asset. The goal of this case analysis is to explain and recommend how Avon can regain profitability while also attaining a higher level of internal new product development, production and selling efficiency. Another objective of this analysis is to evaluate how Avon can attain a higher level of performance and profits through better alignment of their research & development (R&D), new product development, marketing and global supply chain operations into a unified strategic marketing platform for growth. Marketing Strategy and Segment Definitions Need Greater Accuracy Like many consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies who are multinational (MNC) in scope, Avon faces the daunting task of meeting the diverse cultural expectations and requirements of each country and region they operate in. There are very wide variations in the cultural, religious and national aspects of each of these cultures that Avon competes in. Attempting to meet all expectations across all cultures will lead to none being met as focus and consistent effort will be lost. Exacerbating the lack of focus is the conflicting demographic segments the company sells to as well. Avon's core target market of Gen X and Baby Boomer women are the most potentially profitable given the preoccupation with looking younger. Of these two segments, the Baby Boomer age group is of particularly of interest on a global scale, as demographic and psychographics studies suggest they are the most focused on the appearance of being younger than they chronologically are. Avon must also confront and overcome the dilemma of their Millennial and Gen Y women customers wanting to appear older and mature. Psychographic studies completed by the company highlight the fact that Millennial and Gen Y women have an urgent need to appear older and more mature, as they see themselves competing for more prestigious, higher-paying jobs. These insights into customer behavior and preferences are just one of the many facets of the challenges Avon is facing in the context of this study. The orchestration of new product development, strategic sourcing and supply chain management (SCM), and the development of procurement and local marketing practices further complicate the strategic direction of the company. As is evident in the first sections of the case, Avon lacks a galvanizing strategy that can unify the entire organization to a common strategic marketing plan. Fragmentation of the new product development process, market planning, market strategy, sales and distribution are evident in the first sections of the case. It is also clearly a chaotic situation and one, if left unchecked, will proliferate and lead to a complete lack of governance. With no governance in place, Avon will find creating even the most simplistic process a challenge. The warning signs of what Avon will be like in an increasingly deteriorating level of governance are evident in the case. The core areas of new product development, procurement, supply chain management are out of synchronization with one another and quickly lead to high cost overruns on production runs. There's also a very high level of duplicated effort across the company as well, leading to unnecessary costs and confusion over accounting, finance, gross margin and pricing strategies. A preliminary governance framework would have alleviated these major drains on the financial resources of Avon. A governance framework would have also allowed for greater levels of branding and messaging consistency on a global level. Inherent in an effective governance framework is consistency of brand values, messaging and segment-based definitions of key differentiators. Avon didn't have this, which further fueled the massive duplication of effort and wasted resources.
Essay Doctorate
LAN and WAN Analysis Current Release OS
A Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide-Area Network (WAN) are differentiated in how they rely on different media types, devices used in their configuration and use, networks and subnet topologies and communications protocols. All of these factors taken together differentiate these two approaches to enterprise-wide networking. A LAN is often used throughout a small geographic region and in companies, often used only in a single business or at most, a small office complex. A WAN is a much broader network in structure, covering metropolitan, regional, national and international boundaries. The speed of a LAN is significantly faster, with 1K MBps being typical while WANs average 150 MBps. LANs are also often created in Ethernet and Token Ring configurations while WANS are often designed to ensure X.25 connectivity and advanced ATM support across longer distances. From a components standpoint, LANs are often based on Layer 2 devices including switches and bridges, with additional support from Layer 1 devices including hubs and repeaters. WANs are often created on a foundation of Layer 3 routers, multi-layer switches and technology-specific devices including advanced frame-relay and ATM switching devices. Dominant communications protocols on LANs including CSMA/CA based protocols that seek to alleviate data packet collisions on a network. Collision Avoidance is the foundation of the IBM Token Ring protocol for example. Both LAN and WAN configurations also run the standard TCP/IP networking protocols based on the CSMA/CD standard approach to managing collision detection across networks.
Essay Doctorate
Business ethics case study of a Massachusetts company scandal
Ethical issues and dilemmas have always been hitting the operational performance and sustainability of business organizations. They directly affect the way an organization formulates and implements its policies, operates as an active participant in the industry, and competes with other organizations for the sake of accomplishing its strategic objectives. Ethical issues may relate to the organization's social responsibility or corporate responsibility; both are vital for the organization to ensure a sustainable future in its industry.
Essay Doctorate
Community Research and Action Organizations for Participatory
The paper discusses the comparison of codes of conduct of two organization that engages in participatory research, Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) and WK Kellogg Foundation (WKKF). Both SCRA and WKKF have specific codes of conduct that reflects their identities as organizations. SCRA, as a research-centered organization, focuses on human rights and diversity in conducting, implementing, and applying research studies to its communities of intervention. WKKF, meanwhile, as a CSR arm of Kellogg Company, adheres to codes of conduct relating to financial accountability and responsible and timely reporting.
Essay Doctorate
Ben S. Bernanke Is a Noted American
Ben S. Bernanke is a noted American Economist with degrees in Economics from Harvard and MIT, past professorships at Stanford, NYU, MIT and Princeton, experience as a member of the Federal Reserve System's Board of…
Paper Doctorate
Active Performance Management Proposal: Case Study Evaluating
The research examines the potential possibilities of active performance management in the modern workplace. It first examines the current literature as a way to set a foundation for the actual analytic portion of the project. Then, specific research questions are examined in order to provide a framework to test the actual efficiency of an active performance management style implemented in the field. Finally, a potential methodology is explored as well as the significance of the research as a whole.
Essay Doctorate
Macroeconomics Investopedia Provides a List of Major
Investopedia provides a list of major macroeconomic indicators, of which several are relevant to FedEx. FedEx is considered to be a bellwether organization in that its client base spans a broad swath of business.
Paper Doctorate
Corporations to Be Ethical and Responsible Over
Abstract In this paper, we will focus on specific tactics that employers can utilize inside their code of ethics to address the needs of stakeholders. This will be accomplished by focusing on how these policies will impact employees. Once this takes place, is when we can determine if these practices are making firms more ethical and socially responsible.
Essay Doctorate
Ethics the Employee Is Faced With Ethical
This research paper is a look at all of the layers of ethics that take place in the workplace. It is the responsiblity of every employee to make sure that they follow the guidelines of the commpany, and it is the responsibility of managers to ensure that employees have an ethical place to work. This speaks of respect, honor and good work practices that are laid down by the company executives.