A Social Contradiction
Benjamin Franklin's autobiography and Herman Melville's Bartleby the Scrivener both offer important insights into the internal ideological function of American capitalism. The texts demonstrate (whether intentionally or unintentionally) how American capitalism attempts to paper over the contradiction between America's rhetorical focus on liberty, equality, and freedom, and its economic focus on profit at the expense of essentially everything else. Franklin embodies the myth of American meritocracy and reveals the appeal to divine right that underlines the legitimacy of the upper classes' economic dominance, while Melville's narrator demonstrates the strict blinders that must be maintained in order to deny the existence of the injustice and inequality that is inherent to capitalism. Taken together, these texts allow one to better understand how the seemingly obvious contradiction between America's ostensible political ideals and its economic realities has far not been able to diminish capitalism's hegemonic control of the country for over two hundred years.
Planet of the Apes Series Is One
Animal Experience: Context Essay
The Planet of the apes series illustrates the evolution of the art form from one in which apes are used to symbolize various human struggles to one in which the apes, themselves, are the worthy topic. The first five films were all released from 1968 to 1973, when anti-Vietnam War sentiment, open racial tension, the War on Poverty, fear of nuclear war and lingering Cold War anti-USSR passions were controversial topics. In addition, knowledge of and research about apes was in its first stages of development, particularly regarding speech. The 5 movies in that first cycle used the apes as symbols for artistic portrayals involving human issues of the day. In sharp contrast, Rise of the planet of the apes, released 38 years later, focuses on the apes. In the decades between the first cycle's release and this latest release, there has been a notable acceleration in research about apes; consequently, this latest film explores at least three significant topics: the intelligence of apes, the problematic situation created by "humanizing" wild apes, and experimental drug use on apes. In doing so, the Rise of the planet of the apes shows a marked evolution in which the artistic symbol become the worthy focus of discussion.