Adolescence Essays Examples

Adolescent Sexuality Adolescence Is a

Early childhood fatherhood can impact the young adolescent male's life for the rest of his life, assigning him a responsibility that he perhaps never considered taking on when he was being sexually active (p. 95). Being sexually active is, for young adolescent boys, about more than sex. It is also about how the media says that "men," or boys who are going to grow to manhood, should behave, and much of the advertising media suggests to young male adolescents that if they do not partake in certain practices, like beer drinking, then they will not achieve happy manhood (Rouner, Slater, and Domenech-Rodriguez, p. 435).

Becoming sexually active as an adolescent is usually about much more than meeting physical needs or curiosity, and it is much less about emotional attachments than it is about peer pressure, trained imagery through the media, and a desire to take on responsibilities as an adult without an awareness of what a responsibility is. For young boys, making decisions about having unprotected sex as adolescents can change the course of their lives when they find themselves young fathers. Often times, the young adolescents who brought a child into the world together do not have the financial…… [Read More]

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Adolescence Ages 11 to 19

Adolescents

Brain development in adolescents

Adolescence is the period of psychological and social transition from childhood to adulthood. This period of life is characterized by psychological changes when it comes to self-consciousness, identity and mood. Brain imaging studies conducted recently show that the human brain continues to develop throughout their adolescent years. Although there are some differences between the male and female teenagers when it comes to the course of the neural development, significant brain restructuring takes place in terms of the course of their neural development in both sexes.

The regions of the brain where development is protracted include prefrontal cortex and the temporal parietal cortex. The frontal cortex area is responsible for cognitive abilities like making plans, remembering details, inhibiting inappropriate behaviors and so on. It also plays an important role in understanding others and self-awareness. Since this pre-frontal cortex of the adolescent brains mature, older adolescents aged 18-19 are in a position of making conscious decisions and even control their impulses. This pre-frontal cortex does not reach full maturity until one is 25 years of age (Lorain, 2009). The development of these regions is what most likely contributes to the behaviors that are typically associated with an…… [Read More]

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Adolescence Ages 11 to 19

Adolescence

Describe two ways that brain development typically contributes to changes in thinking and behavior as individuals progress through adolescence (448-451). Provide two specific examples of how most adolescents think and reason (pp. 485-493).

Because of the "Dramatic transformations" that occur during adolescence in the prefrontal cortex and the limbic brain regions, feelings of "fear and anger" emerge in the adolescent (p. 448). These fears and angry responses are due to the growth of testosterone (in the amygdale); and the author explains that this change explains the "increased aggressiveness and irritability" that boys experience during this portion of their development (448).

A second way in which the changes in the brain contribute to adolescents behaviors is in cognitive functioning. Because the systems that regulate emotional behavior and sexuality are evolving and growing, cognitive functioning is a work in progress, so to speak. Sleep may be irregular in adolescents, and a lack of judgment and foresight can be explained by the fact that the limbic system is still being developed and because the adolescent has not yet had good coordination between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex (449).

Two specific examples as to how most adolescents think and reason based…… [Read More]

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Adolescent When Speaking About Adolescence

They seem to do not quite have a well-determined strategy for dealing with adults, which was predictable due to the rashness and irascibility that characterizes this specific age. What they admitted to use when negotiating with their parents is the argument of evoking the elders' years of youth by reminding them how they felt as teenagers, together with the promise of coming back home at the precise established hour.

Researches done in the area indicate as the main reasons for adolescents' behavior the small stressing events that they must cope with every day: conflicts with close friends, communication problems with peers, the feeling of being left outside. As they tend to be more emotional than their parents and adults, in general, and they experience opposite moods very frequently, one agrees that they feel extremely affected by small and, one could say, meaningless events, because they perceive these events from the angle of their increased emotionality. Another interesting fact is that, even though teenagers seem to experience conflicts most often with mothers than with fathers, they closer to them, due to the fact that, in a subconscious way, they perceive mothers as primary caregivers.

These scientific conclusions one has reached to…… [Read More]

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Adolescence Changes

Adolescence & Adulthood

Adolescents and Adulthood

There are numerous changes in development and challenges that come with the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The adolescents acquire and consolidate the attitudes, competencies, social responsibilities and values that are necessary to make a successful transition into their adulthood life. Late adolescence and the period that comes after is termed as emerging adulthood and it has been noted to be important for setting stage for the continued development through an individual's lifespan as they start making choices and engage in activities which will influence the rest of their lives.as the adolescents move into the period of emerging adulthood he choices they make as well as their challenges shift to include decisions on their vocational training or education, their transition within the labor market, moving out of their parents home and even sometimes they begin thinking about marriage and parenthood. There are several developmental tasks that are quite challenging to the adolescent as they transition to the adulthood period. These challenges include; a shift in the relationship with ones parents from being dependent and subordination to one which is a reflection of the increasing maturity as well as responsibility to the family and entire…… [Read More]

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Adolescence the Documentary Pressure Cooker

Fatoumata appeared to be in the middle adulthood stage, even though she's just a teenager. She exhibited the strongest show of maturity out of the three students. This is not suggesting that her responsibilities were greater than the others. She just seemed to have this mature resolve about her situation that she would break out of it and she wouldn't have it any other way. Fatoumata was extremely determined and focused. Although she didn't have the support from her parents, she had much support from her classmates as well as Stephenson. She was mature enough to appreciate all the things that this country had to offer and didn't take them for granted, but seemed to know that she needed to take advantage of every opportunity that came her way in order to break free from her circumstances.

Erica appeared to be in the adolescent stage. She may have had to carry the heaviest burden out of all three teenagers and she did it well. Yet, on the inside there was a certain desperation. It was almost as if she felt she had to rid herself of her responsibilities by getting a scholarship and that if she didn't win money for…… [Read More]

Adolescence and Personality Adolescence Is

As Landis states:

Agricultural societies historically have had no adolescent youth problem. Childhood merges directly into adulthood. In our frontier society of a few generations ago, the adolescent group was not recognized as a problem group. Young people took over the responsibilities of adulthood early and were accepted in adult roles by the society When urbanization, developed to the point where the adolescent had no place in the work world problems consequent to delayed maturity brought to focus the adolescent problem. The youth problem emerged much later; in fact, it was not recognized as such in the United States in any real sense until the depression decade of the thirties. (Landis, 1945, p. 26)

It therefore follows that a large number of modern adolescent problems in modern society can be linked to the way in which contemporary culture affects young people in their transition to adulthood. There is a wide array of social forces that impact on the personality development of the individual and are also a central cause of the tension and conflict in the adolescent search for identity.

Peter Blos also makes the crucial observation that adolescence is a period in which the youth revive very little actual…… [Read More]

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Adolescence Case Study

relationship of Mark, an adolescent boy age 17, and his father. Up until his mid-teens Mark was an underachiever and was overweight. He was relatively unmotivated in school, did not asset himself, and shied from confrontations. These aspects of his life affected his relationship with his peers and family. In his mid-teens several events occurred that resulted in Mark becoming more assertive and developing a more identified sense of self. These events resulted in positive changes but also led to many confrontations and moderate levels of strife with his father. The events and the conflicts with his father are discussed in terms of Mark's biological, psychosocial, cognitive, and moral development along with the concept of psychological distancing.

Mark is a 17-year-old male who lives with his mother, father, and younger brother Roger. Mark is a senior in high school. His father is an electrician at an automobile assembly plant with a high school education. Mark's mother has worked as a beautician and as a secretary but for the last four years has stayed at home and taken care of the house. She dropped out of high school. His brother is three years younger than him. As a child Mark was…… [Read More]

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Adolescence and How They Have the Potential

Adolescence, and How They Have the Potential to Impact Your Work as an Adolescent and Family Counsellor

Issue Usually Adolescents Face

Adolescence is a somewhat universal period of transition where females experience physical, emotional, psychological, and social changes. Cultures vary as to how they define and deal with the "growing up" period. Only the biological changes of puberty are consistent across cultures. Secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, may begin as early as 8 or 9 and continue to develop until about age 14. Menarche begins around this same time with the average age in the U.S. being 12.5 years. Behaviorally, these rapid changes often lead to comparison with peers, self-consciousness, and significant concern over one's physical appearance (Greene, 2005).

Orvaschel, Beeferman, and Kabacoff (1997) found that self-esteem tends to decrease with advancing age, at least through late adolescence. Most likely this is related to changing appearances, increased self-consciousness, and increased peer scrutiny in adolescent girls and boys. While it is unknown whether poor self-esteem is a precursor to depression and other mood disorders, or vice versa, a relationship between the two exists. This is important because self-esteem can act as a protective factor against depression and suicidality. Good self-esteem…… [Read More]

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Adolescence Living High Risk Acquiring a Sexually

Adolescence Living High Risk Acquiring a Sexually Transmitted Disease South Florida

Sexually transmitted diseases represent an important topic when considering the south of Florida and adolescents there. The fact that there are hundreds of cases of STDs being diagnosed on a daily basis in Florida emphasizes the gravity of the issue and the fact that teenagers are exposed to a hostile environment when regarding matters from this perspective. Numbers are not necessarily important when considering the group of individuals affected by STDs, especially considering that some are reluctant to see a doctor concerning their condition and others simply don't know that they have an STD. "Locally in Miami-Dade, 2010 brought another year of increases in all of the reportable STDs." (Saxon Jordhal)

Syphilis and HIV are among the STDs that the authorities in South Florida currently treat with great caution. Large amounts of funds are directed at researching these two maladies and at trying to raise public awareness concerning the dangers associated with getting into situations that increase one's likeliness to contract either. "Alarming numbers like 1 in 4 teen aged girls having a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) emphasize the importance of educating our community on recognizing the signs and…… [Read More]

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Adolescence to Adulthood Comparative Study of Stephen

Adolescence to Adulthood:

Comparative Study of Stephen Dedalus from James Joyce's "Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man" to Felicitas Taylor from Mary Gordon's "The Company of Women"

Stephen Dedalus, the hero in "Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man" by James Joyce, is very similar to Felicitas Maria Taylor, the heroine in "The Company of Women" by Mary Gordon. The novels they are protagonists in both track their journey from adulthood into adolescence. This paper endeavors to explore the characters of Stephen Dedalus and Felicitas Taylor in terms of how they cope with their teenage years and how their experiences and encounters influence how they turn out as adults.

Prior to undertaking an in-depth look into the nature of these two main characters of their respective books, it is important to provide a summary of the story each character is involved in and, thus, shaped by. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" relates the adventures of Stephen Dedalus, growing up in Ireland towards the close of the 1800s. He eventually decides to throw off all his social, familial, and religious restrictions to live a life dedicated to writing (http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/portraitartist/summary.html).Each chapter reflects the advancing, internal…… [Read More]

Adolescence A Time of Transition

Juvenile Justice

Adolescence -- a Time of Transition

Adolescences and crime: A time of transition in the juvenile justice system

The juvenile justice system in America reflects a fundamentally different conception regarding the adolescent mentality vs. The adult mentality. "Rehabilitation and treatment, in addition to community protection, are considered to be primary and viable goals" of the juvenile justice system, in contrast to the adult system where "rehabilitation is not considered a primary goal…which operates under the assumption that criminal sanctions should be proportional to the offense" versus the nature and character of the offender (Juvenile vs. adult justice, 2013, Frontline). The juvenile justice system in many ways views itself as treating the child offender just as much as it is dealing with crime. That is why " the juvenile justice system follows a psychological casework approach, taking into account a detailed assessment of the youth's history in order to meet his or her specific needs" while adults are merely tried based upon their guilt or innocence (Juvenile vs. adult justice, 2013, Frontline). Juveniles are also found 'delinquent' or 'not delinquent,' in contrast to adults who are found 'guilty' or 'not guilty.'

With juveniles, the court is portrayed as functioning…… [Read More]

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Challenges of Adolescence

Adolescent Challenges

Adolescence can be a time of upheaval, stress and extreme challenges. And how should an adolescent respond and react to challenges he or she will face during adolescence? These issues and others related to how adolescents respond to challenges will be covered in this paper.

Challenges can cause Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents

In the peer-reviewed journal Depression and Anxiety, the authors discuss "anxiety sensitivity" and the "negative social, psychological, or physical consequences" that anxiety sensitivity can have on adolescents and others from stressful situations (Zavos, et al., 2012). It is known that persons that struggle with anxiety sensitivity can later in life experience "subsequent depression," Zavos writes (400). The pertinent events that create stress and the resulting anxiety sensitivity are things like "family discord" and the breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, the authors explain.

In this study, researchers measured stressful life events in 1,500 individuals at three points in their lives -- at ages 15, 17, and 20. The results showed that there was strong evidence for an association between stressful life events can produce a change in "…cognition associated with anxiety and depression" (Zavos, 400).

Helping Adolescents Respond to Challenges -- A Positive Way…… [Read More]

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Cross-Cultural Differences in the Development of Child and Adolescence Brain

Adolescent Brain

The cross-cultural differences in child and adolescent brain development is a cross-disciplinary study that can be contained under the rubric of medical anthropology, adolescent neuropsychology, or the budding field of cultural neuroscience. The field is brimming with possibilities because of the wide differences observable and measured in the perception of adolescence, the experience of adolescence, and the corresponding biological differences in children and teen brains across different cultures. Choudhury refers to factors such as the cultural contingencies of categories, which will be the foundation of the adolescent experience. Research also reveals differences in experience based on culture and cultural context as well as gender and social norms. Although research in the area of cross-cultural differences in child and adolescent brain development is diverse, one common thread remains: The study of adolescence itself has a cultural context. Adolescence is culturally contingent on the roles, values, and norms of a society. Child and adolescent brain development may also reveal core differences between cultures.

There may even be intriguing political and policy implications for the cross-cultural differences in brain development, and differences in adolescent experience (Steinberg). Adolescence is characterized universally by both structural and functional plasticity, according to Choudhury. Social processing,…… [Read More]

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Bipolar in Adolescence Child Development - Bipolar

Bipolar in Adolescence

Child Development - Bipolar in Adolescence

The early years of the life of a child is full of development and learning, which plays an integral role in building and shaping the entire personality, characteristics and the health cycle. In other words, the life from birth to adolescence period is the developmental phase of life in which parents, educators and even peers are significant that can help and nurture the child in its growth to reach their full potential (Meggitt, 2006).

This evidently signifies that a child undergoes biological, psychological, cognitive, social and emotional changes in his life that begins from the time of his/her birth and continues until the child reaches his/her adolescence stage. The phase from birth till adolescence is vital due to the reason that it is the key phase of a child's life in which he/she steps forward from dependence to increasing independence (Meggitt, 2006).

The inherent or genetic elements as well as the parental development are the key factors that robustly influence the developmental changes within the child. In fact, it has also come to notice that developmental changes that a child experience are also attributable to the environmental factors and the learning…… [Read More]

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Identity Development in Adolescence Is

A certain amount of disagreement and mutual conflict with peers is expected among adolescents. To disagree with others who have different opinions or preferences is a normal aspect of the emergence of self-awareness and the development of a sense of one's uniqueness and identity. In the same way that differences of opinion and disagreements with adults are a normal part of adolescence, those with peers are a normative part of adolescent development (Cillessen, Antonius, 2002, p. 48)."

Communication, then, is a key building block in the growth experience of children that helps them to grow and experience healthy adolescent relationships that lead to healthy and productive self-constructs of their own identity. Communication, good lines of communication, begins at the family level of experience, and then carries over into the social setting. That Klebold's and Harris' parents were unaware of their behaviors, experiences, and feelings about school, lends insight into the adolescents' inability to communicate with their peers. These are adolescents whose own experience in communicating on the more intimate family level did not develop in a productive way. They were, in many ways, strangers; just as Klebold and Harris remained strangers to their school peers, and were never effectively able…… [Read More]

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Nutrition Health and Adolescence There

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Therefore, in the light of the above views, a central part of the solution to the problems of poor nutrition in adolescence is an awareness of the problems. This is a first step in the development of any effective program.

In other words, the youth should be made more self-aware of poor nutritional habits and the importance of adequate nutritional intake and the way that these factors are often promoted through the media. This in turn would necessitate the involvement and cooperation of various other parties, including schools, parents and related organizations in the educational arena and food industry.

One of central objects of this type of program is to improve general awareness of nutritional and health issues. There could, for example, be more emphasis health education classes in schools, where nutrition is discussed in relation to the contemporary world. The cardinal aspect of this program would be a focus on a holistic approach to the issue of food and nutrition.

Central to the success of the program would be the involvement of youth at all levels of the process. This cannot be perceived as a program that excludes the input of the adolescent. As one study on youth…… [Read More]

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Men and Adolescence Anthropological Inquiry

In the historical world, there seemed to be fewer choices in life for many, and roles as adults were more stringent -- and defined as adult meaning very structured cultural templates. There must then be a bit of a Catch-22 when it comes to the advances made in gender thinking, family, and actualization since the end of World War II. Improvements in education, lifting of the gender-based glass ceiling at work, in politics, and in academia; goals towards equalization of pay and responsibility; and even more opportunities for both sides to consider jobs and careers that have been essentially gender decided for decades. Too, the process of globalism -- in terms of communication and sharing of ideas -- has changed culture to one in which defined roles are seen as old-fashioned rather archaic paradigms of rural or under-developed society.

The Workplace- Contemporary working age Americans fall into four main generational groupings, a generation being defined as an grouping by age, geography, and commonality of significant events while growing up. Depending on the scholarship, and sometimes the age of the researcher, differing views emerge regarding generational differences within the workplace. A major presumption holds that the events individuals share influence and…… [Read More]

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Childhood and Adolescence Development There Are Many

Childhood and Adolescence Development

There are many changes individuals undergo during adolescence -- a period occasioned by rapid developmental growth. This period brings with itself a lot of excitement as teens gain maturity and attain a new level of freedom. However, it also has its own unique challenges. Although intensified peer relationships play a key role in helping teens navigate this period, the choice of friends and by extension peer pressure could either impede or aid a teen's moral and social growth. Some of the social pressures teens face during this stage include but they are not limited to experimentation with drugs and sexual exploration.

Pressures Faced in Adolescence

Sexuality and Dating

When it comes to sexuality and dating, it is important to note that teenage years are characterized by strong sexual impulses. In seeking to explore their sexuality and given their changing relations with the opposite sex, it is during this stage that most teenagers start dating. According to Franiuk (as cited in Martin and Fabes, 2008), "one of the biggest changes and challenges in adolescence is the development of dating and romantic relationships." Teenage romance has both positive and negative effects. Anger occasioned by rejection is one of…… [Read More]

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Children and Adolescence Can Often Become Plagued

Children and adolescence can often become plagued with a myriad of health problems. Some revolve around psychosocial issues. ADHD is such a disorder that affects as many as 1 in 20 children or adolescence in the United States with a growing prevalence worldwide. Although this disorder can cause problems for the child or adolescent experiencing symptoms, it can be successfully managed. Treatment protocols involve proper assessment of symptoms and diagnosis, a treatment plan, and effective follow up care. With this kind of approach, children and adolescence who may suffer from ADHD can learn to deal with this disorder.

ADHD is a psychosocial issue present in children and adolescence. Although it is not heavily prevalent, quite a number of children and adolescence have this condition and display its core symptoms. ADHD is characterized by the following main symptoms: hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. There are also three subtypes of ADHD. These are predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type, predominantly inattentive type, and the combined type which shows symptoms of the first two types.

In order to properly diagnose someone with ADHD, it is important to examine the onset of the disorder. Onset generally happens before the age of seven in most kids. Since symptoms aren't…… [Read More]

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Adolescence-How Adolescence Viewed Cultures Adolescence-How Adolescence Is

Adolescence-How Adolescence Viewed Cultures

Adolescence-How Adolescence is viewed by other Cultures

Adolescence refers to a transitional stage that happens through the physical orientations among human beings. Adolescence is categorical of the physical and psychological development in human beings as they grow from childhood to adulthood. The process occurs during the period of puberty and ends when one gets to maturity. For many people, adolescence is a recurrent problem since it occurs with differences in capital and minor considerations. Among some people, adolescence occurs at early stages of growth and development. In other people, adolescence occurs late in the stages of growth and development. The basic factor behind the general occurrence of adolescence is categorical of every factor that takes place in the biological. Many factors of human growth and development are regarded when it comes to management of the necessary growth avenues (Stange et al., 2011).

The information from various perspectives determines the understanding of everything concerned with adolescence among people. Nonetheless, the perspectives of the biological, sociological, historical, and educational offers rudimentary avenues through which people perceive adolescence. A number of psychological and biological changes among the people mark the process of transition between childhood and adulthood involved. In…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Psychology Issues There Will Always Be

Adolescent Psychology Issues

There will always be some conflict between adolescents and their parents because growing up means finding one's own way -- relating to the world through youthful, sometimes naive eyes -- while also being instructed and guided by one's parents. But the intensity of conflict and the reasons for conflict in this parent-adolescent genre differ dramatically, and have different impacts on adolescents as they grow and mature. The research article by Barbara Allison and Jerelyn Schultz delves into the parent-adolescent conflict during the "early years" of adolescence, which the authors claim has received "much less attention" than the adolescent years (12 to 18).

Parent-Adolescent Conflict in Early Adolescence

According to Allison et al., their checklist given to 357 young people (grades 6, 7, and 8) revealed many conflicts with parents "…over a sizable number of issues." And during this period of adolescent -- parental contentiousness, Allison's research shows that the greatest number of conflicts between youthful offspring and parents occurred while the adolescents in this survey were in 7th grade (Allison, 2004, p 101). The exchanges between daughters and parents were "…consistently more intense" than those arguments between sons and parents.

The authors present a number of research…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Depression Overview and Annotated Bibliography Few

Adolescent Depression: Overview and Annotated Bibliography

Few periods in one's life are filled with more change or tumult than the stage known as adolescence. Defined by dramatic physical, hormonal, social and intellectual transition, adolescence is distinguished by the maturation of puberty. And perhaps more than at any other point in one's life, this maturation leads to a significant transformative period which finds the individual at a midway point between childhood and adulthood. Given the unique biological experiences and the encompassing sociological pressures that accompany this life cycle stage, it is not surprising that individuals experiencing this stage are particularly vulnerable to considerable emotional distress and for many, depression. This vulnerability is the focus of the discussion and the annotated bibliography contained hereafter. The account presented here is concerned with the symptoms, treatment and consequences of depression in adolescents with the intention of providing a useful resource for approaching what is a genuine public health issue.

A Brief Overview of the Adolescence Stage:

According to Harder (2002), Erik Erikson offers a valuable point of introduction to a discussion on adolescence. Erikson's Theory of Stages provides a basic timeline for the development and life-cycle of the individual centering on a distinctly western…… [Read More]

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Adolescents Undergo Different Changes Which Also Come

Adolescents undergo different changes, which also come with many challenges. Adolescent interviews can be conducted to find out about different factors affecting their lives. Some of these factors include life-course trajectories, teenage parenthood, early marriage and different body changes affecting them. These children can also have intergenerational changes that can affect them. These changes occur since they use up most time with their friends, family, classmates and even neighbors. Intergenerational effects can be studied by looking collective socialization of peers at home and school. The interviewer should be conscious about adolescents' developmental tasks and processes. The interviewer can also explore different areas, from identity, family school performance, peer group and sex.

Family patterns encountered by the children show that the patterns are most influential during adolescence. Adolescent start to look at their future at this stage and this makes them form collective socialization about family forms, in the social context of their lives. During adolescent, the child can be involved in different a relationships which require their parents guidance. Monitoring and supervision of the youth is important for the control of the youths; this involves different adults in the adolescent's life. Five best female and five best male friends can…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Learner Unique Needs the

Matching students' interests with learning objectives will increase the chances of students' learning. They tend to use it and remember it long after. Using literature relevant to adolescents, for example, will raise their literacy and capacity to address contemporary issues affecting them. Reading materials about adolescents and for adolescents are another window into their world that teachers should be looking into. This is the time when they should read about themselves rather than simply sitting down for an hour and taking notes (Chckley).

Applying Learning in the Community through Projects

Projects, which give meaning to learning in the classroom, will leave an impression in adolescents' mind (Checkley, 2004). Learning about Veterans Day as a service-learning project, for example, demonstrates this. Students may be asked to identify a veteran in their family or among their acquaintances or friends. They may be asked to write the veteran a letter of appreciation or send him a simple poem. An appreciation breakfast may be held to highlight the project. The Veterans Day project is not a regular activity in some schools. Lessons, which are supplemented by projects in community, are also effective in teaching older adolescents. They will be just as interested. It has…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Bullying

Adolescent Bullying Fact Sheet

Nursing

Etiology/Pathophysiology/Incidence/Prevalence

Opinions regarding the etiology of bullying vary. As with many behaviors, there are those that contend that bullies learn and practice behaviors of aggression and violence in the home environment. Some argue that bullies hurt others because they experience abuse in their own lives and manifest their feelings of disgust & horror at their own weakness or vulnerability by hurting others. There are also arguments that some people become bullies because they lack sufficient social intelligence, awareness and skill. They may perceive aggression or hostility in others, including in their words & behaviors, when the person victimized by the bully, truly shows no signs nor has no intentions of violence or conflict. The pathophysiology of bullies includes higher blood pressure, subpar impulse control, and other physical indicators of stress, anger, rage, and even confusion. Those who are victimized may sweat excessively, have anxiety attacks, higher blood pressure, headaches, problems controlling their bladders & bowels, and more. Adolescent boys are far more likely to become bullies than girls, yet the frequency and intensity of female bullying continues to warrant attention & research as it is on the rise. (NYVPRC, 2002) There is also research that…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Development

Adolescent Development

Thirteen -- Adolescent Development Depicted in a Contemporary Film

Home life, family dynamics, and Tracy's relationship with her mom, dad, brother, her mom's boyfriend.

"How many times are you going to let him fuck you over," Tracy yells at her mom after finding her mom's boyfriend's clothes in the dryer. "His clothes should not be in your laundry," Tracy shouts, in an apparent mood swing brought on by her hatred for her mom's boyfriend; it's a mood swing because moments before Tracy and her friend and mentor Evie were strutting around in their new tight pants and sexy tops, being frisky, and flirtatious. Mom is busy doing a customer's hair in the kitchen (mom is a hairstylist who works at home), and Tracy makes a big fuss over those boyfriend clothes.

The home life is pretty seamy and unsophisticated, which helps explain why Tracy is so easily swept up by the raunchy, bad-girl stature of Evie. When mom finishes doing the dye job on a customer's hair, she says to the customer that if the customer "gets laid" because of the quality of the hair, then mom should get a bonus for the blonde hair dye job. Mom…… [Read More]

Adolescent and Child Development Lawrence

The transition from pre-conventional to conventional moral development is changing one's view from selfishness to responsibility for others. The transition from conventional to post conventional development is from goodness to truth that "they are people, too." Gilligan's theory supports that there is more than one dimension to moral reasoning, whereas Kohlberg's theory is focused on a male-centered view.

7.

An individual employing problem-focused coping strategies will target the cause of their stress and focus on the problem that is causing the stressful situation. People typically try to learn about the problem and develop skills to manage the situation. Problem-focused coping strategies work best in situations the individual can control, for example, studying for an exam and work-based stressors. In circumstances that are out of an individual's control, such as death and coping with loss, one can use emotion-focused coping strategies. Emotion-focused coping involves reducing stress that is coupled with negative emotional responses such as anxiety, embarrassment, and fear. Such strategies include keeping oneself busy to keep their mind occupied, releasing tension to other people, praying, avoiding the problem, and expecting the worse case scenario. Emotion-focused coping is best used when a situation is out of a person's control, such as…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Substance Use Screening Instruments 10-Year Critical

Adolescent Substance Use Screening Instruments: 10-Year Critical Review of the Research Literature

Over ten million teenagers in the United States admit in a national survey that they drink alcohol, although it is illegal under the age of 21 in all states. In some studies, nearly one-quarter of school-age children both smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol. Over four thousand adolescents every day try marijuana for the first time. The dangers of use, abuse and dependency on each of these substances have been established. When we also consider that these three substances are considered gateway drugs, that is, drugs whose use is likely to lead to experimentation with "hard" drugs, the potential problem of such widespread use is even more severe. Additionally, use of these substances is known to co-occur with a number of other psychiatric conditions as well as health issues such as the incidence of sexually-transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and fetal alcohol syndrome babies.

Given the magnitude of the issue, it is essential that clinics, schools, juvenile detention centers and medical clinics have screening instruments at hand that quickly and accurately evaluate potential or present abuse or dependency conditions in the populations they serve. This paper is intended to serve…… [Read More]

Adolescent Influences and Adjustments What

The key years during which experimentation occurs - between 13 and 16.

Kobus discusses influences that launch an adolescent's smoking habit from several perspectives. First, the "social learning theory": relationships that are "more intimate" and that are developed "earlier in the youth's experiences" and thought to be more important; and youths are more likely to "imitate the smoking habits" (or non-smoking habits) of those with whom they have the closes and most frequent contact. Second, the "primary socialization theory" takes into consideration influences of the family, schools, and peer clusters; this theory also gives consideration to an adolescent's "individual personality traits" like self-esteem, anxiety, "sensation seeking and psychopathology" that are "direct influences on drug use and deviance," Kobus writes. When the bonds a youth has with family and school are "weak," the role of peer clusters is "heightened"; and of course if the individual has low self-esteem, the peer cluster plays an even more dramatic influential role.

The third theory is the "social identity theory": the self-concept of an adolescent is a combination of two self-images ("I am a smoker"), and ("I belong to the smoking group"). And when "personal identity" is a salient factor, the norms of the social…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction

Economic deprivation arises from various activities and aspects of the family in attempts to minimize the threats affecting the at-risk youth. Some of the factors affecting the economic deprivation in relation to at-risk youth within the family include rehabilitation fee, treatment fee, and addiction cost thus affecting the overall economic level of the family (McWhirter,2013). This is a problem with the scarce family resources thus the need to adopt and integrate effective elements towards minimization or management of the problems affecting the growth and development of the family members in relation to the existing factors.

Another critical family problem or issue relates to the lack of adults and parental role models under the influence massive drug addiction thus affecting the growth and development of the youths within the family unit. It is also essential to note that at-risk youths increases parental criminality and development of family violence attitudes or anti-social behavior. Siblings also develop antisocial behavior hence the generation of ineffective atmosphere for quality development and growth of the youths within the family.

School Issues That May Impact at-risk Youth

There are various implications or influences of the school problems or issues in relation to at-risk youth. The main impact…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Anxiety Adolescence Is a

However, when this does not work, the therapist has many other options available to them, when and if they are needed.

The research suggested that in complex cases, combination therapies using cognitive-behavioral therapy and SSRIs resulted in the best potential for relief from symptoms. The most important discovery during the course of this research is that the factors affecting the individual are the best method for determining the most appropriate treatment strategy.

References

Anxiety disorders association of America. (n.d.). Statistics and facts about anxiety disorders. RetrievedNovember 10, 2008 from: http://www.adaa.org/AboutADAA/PressRoom/Stats&Facts.asp.

Baker, E., & Lowe, A. (2008). NIMH Funded Study Demonstrates That Treatment Works for Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders. NIMH Press Release. American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 30 October 2008. Retrieved November 8m 2008 at http://www.aacap.org/cs/2008_press_releases/nimh_funded_study_demonstrates_that_treatment_works_for_childhood_and_adolescent_anxiety_disorders www.nih.gov/news/health/oct2008/nimh-30.htm"

Connell, T. (2005). Cannabis Use in Adolescence: Self-Medication for Anxiety. Journal of the California Cannabis Research Medical Group. Winter//Spring 2005. Retrieved November 10, 2008 at http://www.ccrmg.org/journal/05spr/anxiety.html.

Dixon, B. (2007). Environmental factors key in anxiety disorders. June 1, 2007. Clinical Psychiatry News.

Joshua, H. (2008). Anxiety Disorder in Adolescence: A Case Study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. Aug. 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008 at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3892/is_/ai_n28083184

Kendall, P., Safford, S., Flannery-Schroeder, E.…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Health Factors Affecting Adolescent

This includes factors such as peer pressure, family life and the norms and values of society that often are determining factors in the development of the individual.,

The above discussion leads to a number of central conclusions. The first is that there are many interrelated variables that can lead to certain negative patterns of behavior. What is of particular concern is that negative factors such as alcohol and other forms of substance abuse tend to be linked to cultural and social norms thast encourage these patterns of behavior, without taking cognizance of their impact on the health of the individual.

The interrelatedness of these factors also suggests that a comprehensive and detailed study of the various factors that lead to these negative patterns of behavior need to be investigated and understood. There is little doubt that a more comprehensive understanding of the factors and variables that are involved in these behavior patterns in this demographic is extremely important for the future health of society. For example, the increase in adolescent obesity is a factor that needs to be addressed not only in a direct sense by improving counter measures such as physical exercise but also by understanding the link between…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Growth and Development Huebner

The lessons teens learn during this potentially idealistic period are lessons the teens can remembers throughout their lives, and hopefully use to become more involved and concerned adult citizens.

Set limits for behavior, but show respect for teens. Demand respect from teenagers, this article counsels both patents and educators. But also show respect for teens. Just as, for example, a parent ought to hold fast to a curfew, a teacher should hold fast to deadlines and try to create good habits that will last the adolescent for the rest of his or her lifetime. Requirements should be reasonable, and developmentally appropriate, but they should not infantilize the teen. Rather, teachers must treat adolescents as adolescents, not as children or as adults. Ideally, using the teen's developing self-awareness as social consciousness to create a more positive identity and role for the adolescent as a student and citizen should be the goal of all…… [Read More]

Adolescent Egocentrism and Delinquent Behaviors

Adolescent Egocentrism

Posting #3 Read articles choose interest. Analyze articles describe leadership roles discussed. Compare attributes nurse leaders. •http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/home/News/women/mch_midwives.

The influence of adolescent egocentrism (personal fable, imaginary audience, invincibility) on delinquent behavior

Parents often refer to adolescents as egocentric and self-centered. However, this is not simply a subjective moral judgment of a frustrated mother or father -- it is an identified product of the biological and social experience of being an adolescent. Adolescent egocentrism is different from the egocentrism of a very young child that perceives no differentiation between self and other (Alberts, Elkind & Ginsberg 2007: 71). With adolescents, egocentrism manifests itself in what is called the 'imaginary audience' or the belief that everyone in the world is equally preoccupied with the adolescent as him or herself. An adolescent might spend hours getting ready to go to a casual party than an adult might prepare for a half hour after work. Another adolescent might become enraged at a sarcastic comment of a peer or teacher and lash out violently, either at his perceived tormentor or by 'acting out' with delinquent behaviors. Adolescents are more inclined to take slights personally and feel that the world, the educational or justice system,…… [Read More]

Resources:

Adolescent Self-Portrait

Adolescence

Adolescent Self-Portrait

Adolescence: A conflicted life period

Adolescence is often considered to be a particularly 'fraught' time during the average individual's life history. Although the construction of adolescence and the age during which someone is considered to be an adolescent may vary from culture to culture, most societies define a certain period of time as 'not childhood' and 'not adulthood.' There are common physiological changes seen in all adolescents such as menstruation in females; lowered voice in males; and increased height and body hair in both genders. Adolescents also begin to experience and experiment with showing sexual desire. However, these changes can cause great anxiety and confusion, as the adolescent struggles with his or her emerging adolescent identity.

Females in particular tend to be more anxious about their body image than boys because of the great emphasis placed upon female beauty within the culture as a measure of self-worth (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman 2010:260). Girls tend to mature earlier than boys and very early-maturing girls often experience particularly traumatic feelings about changes in their bodies (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman 2010: 261). A common feeling amongst adolescents is that their body and mental state are not the same: they feel part child…… [Read More]

Works Cited:

Adolescent Substance Abuse and Depression

His article does an excellent job of discussing in comprehensible terms the recent research which has addressed the current state of knowledge about the relationship between substance abuse amongst teens and mood disorders and provides a breakdown of possible treatment options.

Flaherty, L., & Flaherty, M. (2005). Adolescent psychiatry: The annals of the American society for adolescent psychiatry (Vol. 29). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Analytic Press.

This resource is from a special edition of Adolescent Psychiatry that pertains specifically to issues that arise along with adolescent substance abuse issues. The topics within range from teenagers with Ecstacy addiction to gambling problems. To the practitioner and the interested adult, parent, or educator, the information within this journal provides a fastidious and compelling look into the vast range of issues that may coincide with an adolescent's substance abuse problem. With specific regard to adolescents, depression, and substance abuse, two articles are especially illuminating: one which discusses comorbidity amongst teenagers with depression and substance abuse issues and another which discusses issues related to dual diagnoses in adolescents with depression and substance abuse issues.

Schwartzberg, A.Z. (Ed.). (1998). The Adolescent in Turmoil. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=26000946

Schwartzberg…… [Read More]

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Adolescent Development Analyzing Adolescent Relationships

There is an extended family network of grandparents, aunts, and uncles that provides additional figures to serve as role models for the subject, but she remains especially close to her mother and is above all cognizant of and concerned with the needs and expectations of her family as a whole.

The divorce of the subject's parents during her early adolescence necessarily had an effect on the relationship she developed with her mother, and the personality development of the subject herself. Research has shown that the impact of a positive parent-adolescent relationship can mitigate the negative impacts of divorce, and lead to many other changes to the parent-adolescent relationship following the divorce, as well (Hines 1997). The relationship that Valerie has with her mother is very close, and one of shared responsibility and decision-making. It is likely that this relationship will develop in quite different ways following Valerie's eventual departure form her home, and as her siblings are less rleaint on her. The shared responsibilities of the family are a major factor in the current relationship that exists between Valerie and her mother, and diminishing or even eliminating these responsibilities -- as is the natural result of time -- will have…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Childbearing in Africa Adolescent

It produced a net increase in perceived benefits of protective behavior and in self-efficacy among both males and females, and a reduction in perceived barriers to protective behavior among females. Consistent with these changes, it was also associated with a reduction in risky sexual behavior among young men and an increase in contraceptive use among young men and women (Agha, 2002, p. 67+).

Agha also noted that there was more positive change among young women than among young men, a fact that "may reflect a better ability of these adolescent sexual health interventions to address the concerns of women than of men, or a greater receptivity to such interventions among young women than among young men" (2002, p. 67+). Because of the success of this program, however, Agha suggests that means of reaching young men to the same extent are worthy of additional study, and multi-media, educational programs of long duration are likely to result in lower incidence of HIV and STDs, as well as decreasing the rate of adolescent childbearing.

Works Cited

Agha, Sohail. "A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Impact of Four Adolescent Sexual Health Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Family Planning Perspectives, vol. 28, no. 2 (2002),…… [Read More]

Resources:

Adolescents' Emotional Adjustment Reaction Paper School Organization

Adolescents' Emotional Adjustment

Reaction Paper

School Organization and Adolescents' Emotional Adjustment

Watt's article explores the connection between school organization and adolescents' mental health. There is a commonly held belief that adolescents receive a superior educational and interpersonal experience in private schools and small schools. Watt cites studies by Coleman and others that have given support to the perceived superiority of private schools. Coleman's findings in support of private schools did not however address mental health, but were instead limited to academic achievement.

Watt's questions "Are private schools better not only for academic achievement but for mental health? Are small schools associated with broad indicators of emotional well-being?" (2003, p.345) form the basis for her study. Watt's study addresses these issues by examining three indicators of adolescents' emotional adjustment: depression, suicide attempts and violent dispositions.

Watt's study analyzed data collected by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent health, which surveyed health-related behaviors of adolescents in grades 7-12. The survey measured depression using the "feelings scale," consisting of 19 questions that addressed how often adolescents felt sad, depressed, lonely, fearful and so forth. The survey measured suicidality by number of suicide attempts, and measured violence by a question about the use or…… [Read More]

Bibliography:

Adolescents & Advertising Media Messages Examination of

Adolescents & Advertising Media Messages

Examination of a Commercial

The advertisement chosen for examination in this brief study is Britney Spears Pepsi commercial in 2010, which was part of the advertising during the World Cup. The intended audience for the advertisement is the general audience and specifically male and female young people. The ad features Brittney Spears singing, drinking Pepsi, and volley a ball. Brittney appears beautiful and sexy in this commercial and gives the appearance that drinking Pepsi will make everyone athletic and sexy. This ad would be interpreted of course by each gender differently as the male gender would interpret the commercial to mean that drinking Pepsi would ensure that they attract sexy girls and females would view the commercial as appealing to them to drink Pepsi to ensure that they are hot and sexy like Brittney Spears. This ad is not accurate in its portrayal of body image because everyone does not have a figure like Britney Spears or the young men featured in the commercial. Furthermore, no one who plays sports will remain as cool looking with every hair and their makeup in perfect shape as was Brittney Spear's hair and makeup in the commercial. The…… [Read More]

Works Cited:

Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa Is a

In fact, even executives in fashion and beauty magazines see an alarming trend of "too thin" to the point of looking emaciated and unhealthy -- certainly not a look that "sells" (Wilson 542).

What is happening is a continual push to be something different, not because there is actually anything wrong with us -- at all. It is because advertising tells us that something is wrong. Advertising is part of the marketing mix that is designed to persuade a consumer to purchase something. Of course, there are many ways of doing this, and the "science" of this media has certainly evolved in the last century. Advertising is subliminal, sophisticated, pervasive, covert, overt, and a seminal part of the contemporary world. However, advertising has become so sophisticated that it sends messages both overt and covert that even if we are not paying attention to the exact product, the images we see become part of our cultural identity. The "power" of advertising in undeniable -- so powerful, it can even get the public upset over something as "earth-shattering" as the taste of a soft drink. Is there hope, or even a partial solution to this issue of changing so much of ourselves…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Obesity in Saudi Arabia

There are remedies (albeit not easy ones for the individuals involved), as suggested by the research. However, and this is very important, the current public health approaches that the Saudi government has taken, as Mabrey et al. (2010) note, have focused fairly narrowly on medical approaches. This focus includes research that has been conducted on metabolic syndrome (which is caused primarily by being overweight). This is caused by clear-cut factors and has a number of possible poor consequences.

Mabrey et al. (2010) note that metabolic syndrome is on average 10 to 15% higher in the GCC states than in the rest of world and that females are disproportionately affected by metabolic syndrome. These researchers are among those who note that a strictly medical approach to such medical problems is far from sufficient. For while metabolic syndrome itself can be identified and described in purely medical terms, such an approach does nothing to explain why rates of metabolic syndrome are higher in this region or why they are higher among Saudi females than males.

Mabrey et al. (2010) note that any truly effective preventative strategies "will require identifying socio-demographic and environmental correlates" and this will be especially true for the factors…… [Read More]

Bibliography:

Adolescent Development and Transition to

This period is also characterized by a youth's desire to obtain privacy. Youth encounter new situations in an exploratory manner seeking insight into the situation and needing to achieve their own interpretation of the stimuli presented to them (Ohrenstein, 1986). Peer relationships are of particular importance during this time period and can be viewed by youth as being more important than family relationships (Ohrenstein, 1986). This focus aids the youth in their transition from a family orientation to that of a social orientation particularly the role in a peer group (Ohrenstein, 1986). This is the beginning stage of integration into a community and society and lays the ground work for later community involvement.

Lack of support during this time period can result in a youth who has a sense of inadequacy and inferiority (Ohrenstein, 1986).

At this stage children being to find their place within their peer group and school environment. The development of increased physical autonomy through participation in activities outside of the home allows them to explore additional relationships and environments. Youth seek this sense of autonomy and independence while at the same time being fearful of the lack of attachment and support of the family and the…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Suicide Integration of CBT

All too often, these adolescents end up taking their own lives when their depression gets too painful for them and they have not received the help that they need. Even the medications that are designed to help them get through the depression can sometimes make things worse, as various medications for depression and anxiety carry a risk of suicide when people are just starting or just getting off of the medication.

Reviewing the literature about how to deal with depression in adolescents is very important, as treatment is needed in many cases. The first important concern for treatment is the psychodynamic approaches that are used. Psychodynamic approaches, or psychosocial approaches, generally translate in lay terms to counseling or therapy of some kind. This can be in a group or individually, depending on which way the therapist feels will be more effective, and the recent evidence into this issue shows that adolescents that are dealing with depression may find that this kind of intervention is often very effective in alleviating their depression (Lewinsohn & Clarke, 1999; Clarke, Rohde, Lewinsohn, Hops, & Seeley, 1999). One of the main reasons that a treatment approach is so important for these people is that around…… [Read More]

Sources:

Adolescent Environment

Adolescent Environment

The subject interviewed is a 17-year-old Hispanic male from Cleveland, Ohio. Although his legal name is Harley, this adolescent chooses to call himself by the name "Renegade." Renegade lives in a loft with 12 other boys ranging from the ages of 15 to 27 above a rare book store in a historic and impoverished section of the city. Renegade was either orphaned or abandoned at a young age, and spent many years bouncing around foster homes and group homes as a ward of the state of California. Since leaving the care of the state, Renegade was able to uncover many mysteries about his past that were officially "sealed" regarding his biological family. Renegade was not given any information about his ethnic background as a child, but his mocha-colored skin and dark, striking hair obviously set him apart as an ethnic minority. There were Latino and Mexican boys in most of the group homes Renegade spent time in as a child, but his skin tone was quite different from any of the other boys, and his facial structure and body build was also noticeably different from his ethnic peers. This led Renegade to believe that his ethnicity must be…… [Read More]

Works Cited:

Adolescent Suicide Consultation With the

If necessary, she will be offered help via rehabilitation centers to deal with the alcohol and drug issues. It is important to help her understand that the alcohol and drugs are merely symptomatic of the deeper-lying issues that are related to the abuse, and that they can only be addressed once the root problem is eradicated.

V. Case Process

Initially, the client was somewhat hostile and completely unwilling to talk. The counselor did not attempt to push her into saying anything. The counselor did not make any attempt to start an unrelated conversation, but asked the previously determined questions one at a time. At first, with no response from the client, long periods of time passed without any conversation. Gradually the client began to open up and share her thoughts. She revealed very deep-seated feelings of guilt and fear related to the abuse. In addition, her sense of shame that she did not reveal the abuse, and the guilt for wanting to kill her father instead of herself drove her to the suicide attempt. She also felt guilty with regard to her other siblings and family members, feeling that she let them down by not implicating her father, and on…… [Read More]

Adolescents Adolescence Is a Sensitive

Student counselors are can organize a student led drug abuse prevention committee and create awareness among the adolescent children. Study results have confirmed the positive value of such student led programs in preventing the malice of drug abuse. It has also been found that multiyear preventive programs have long lasting positive effects that short-term programs. [167]. Programs such as 'Friendly Persuasion', 'Life skills Training', 'Midwestern Prevention Project' which were implemented in schools had a considerable measure of success in reducing drug abuse and in delaying the onset of drinking.[155-158]. Student counselors have to interact with teachers, social workers, health care professionals and other community-based groups to workout and implement student activity programs that can be run by adolescents.

4) by providing a positive developmental environment at school the student counselor optimizes the chances of a student succeeding in his overall development. As Pittman states, "Adolescents who are merely problem-free are not fully prepared for their future" [67]. Fulfillment of basic needs, self-identity, intrinsic motivation or the curiosity to learn about the world, a sense of competence and social security (emotional balance) are the factors which are identified as the core assets of any individual. Physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional as well…… [Read More]

References:

Adolescent Treatment Interventions and Youth

This research considered this by looking at a key constituent of low self-control which is the risk seeking tendency in order to decide its constancy and change throughout early childhood, its influences on changes in criminal behavior, and its receptiveness to a complete delinquency lessening program. These matters were looked at with information from the Children at Risk (CAR) program, an arbitrarily allocated interference that looked at early youth. The examination exposed considerable reliability in risk seeking, but there was proof of change as well, and these alterations were connected with contemporary alterations in delinquency. Risk seeking alterations were not a consequence of contribution in the CAR program, in spite of that program's achievement at dropping some appearance of delinquency (Hay, Meldrum, Forrest and Ciaravolo, 2010).

Part II: Assessment of the main strengths of the reading with particular emphasis on its utility for understanding adolescent development or social work intervention.

This research sought to contribute new insight on self-control expansion throughout adolescence with a longitudinal assessment of risk seeking tendency of low self-control. The conclusions maintained a conception of self-control that forecasts distinguished stability but also permits for the opportunity that some people will experience shifts in complete self-control that…… [Read More]

Sources:

Adolescents Growing Up in Poverty

On the other hand, 'resistance for liberation' may have the obverse effect causing children (in this case adolescents) to take these self-same disabling elements and use them for their growth and success.

Poverty may be a social construct but it need not tarnish an individual for life. Ultimately, the individual decides what to do with his or her life, and the same circumstances that can turn one into a drug-doped self-destructed convict can turn another into a bastion of society.

References

Ayers. W. A kind and just parents. The children of juvenile court

Leadbetter, B.R., & Niobe, W. (2007). Urban girls revisited: Building strengths. NY Univ. Press. NY.

Lichter, D., Shannahan, M., & Gardner, E. (2002). Helping others: The effects of childhood poverty and family instability on prosocial behavior, Youth and Society, 34, 89-119

Martin, D., Martin, M., Gell, R., Davis, C., & Guerreri, K. (2008). Adolescence, 43, 608-711.

Niobe. W. (1998) Everyday courage: the lives and stories of urban teenagers.

Stirtzinger et al. (2002). Interrupting…… [Read More]

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