Liberty
Essays

Mass politics in Europe at the end of the 19th Century had turned away from the liberalism of the intellectual and capitalist elites in the direction of populist movements that described themselves as socialist, social democratic or nationalist. Frequently they rejected liberal rationalism and science as well in favor of emotion, mystical symbols, charismatic leaders and demagogues. Among these were the Christian Social Party of Karl Lueger in Austria, which Adolf Hitler admired as a young man and later imitated, and the Action Francaise in France, led by Charles Maurras, Maurice Barras and Eduard Drumont. This early fascist movement thrived in after a Jewish officer in the French Army, Alfred Dreyfus, was falsely convicted of espionage and sentenced to prison on Devil's Island.

Niccolo Machiavelli was a sixteenth century political philosopher based in Italy, best known for his work "The Prince" ("Il Principe"). Machiavelli is considered even today as one of the most remarkable as well as…

Jung Chang's narrative "Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China" is an autobiographical narrative of the author's family history that spans three generations of women. Her story spans the period from the late-Qing dynasty…

¶ … Buggin' Out tells Mookie to "Stay Black!" In Spike Lee's "Do the Right Thing," he points to the film's central theme. Being Black in America entails struggle and occasionally the struggle against social and economic…

Adam Smith, whose Wealth of Nations was published in 1776, was the father of modern economics and capitalism. He argued that the free operation of market forces was the best recipe for a flourishing and growing economy.

In 1761, James Otis represented the merchants of Boston in a case regarding the legality of "writs of assistance," documents which gave their holders the authority to enter and search any home or building in the…

Internet: Privacy for High School Students

In 1973 a pregnant women identified as 'Roe' brought a class action before the U.S. Supreme Court on the constitutionality of the criminal abortion laws in Texas which banned seeking or attempting an abortion except for…

"Men living together according to reason, without a common superior on earth, with authority to judge between them, is properly the state of nature."(John Locke)

Both the Chicago Daily Tribune and the Los Angeles Times presented the anti-Japanese sentiments during World War Two as being a matter of constitutional protection for citizens of the United States.