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What is Public?

The concept of "public" sits at the intersection of numerous academic disciplines, including political science, public administration, health policy, education, and finance. Students engage with this topic in courses that examine how resources, services, and institutions are organized, funded, and made accessible to society at large. What makes it academically compelling is the tension between collective responsibility and individual benefit — questions about who provides essential services, who bears their costs, and how quality is maintained are debated across fields ranging from healthcare and education to corporate governance and public safety.

The papers archived on this topic reflect a wide range of approaches. Comparative analysis is common, with essays weighing public versus private models in areas such as school systems, personnel administration, and university attendance outcomes. Policy-focused writing appears in examinations of public health preparedness, healthcare fraud, and investor confidence in financial reporting. Case-study methods surface in workplace safety incidents and adult care services. Some papers take an investigative or developmental angle, tracing how institutions like corporate universities have evolved internationally.

A strong essay on this topic begins with a clearly scoped thesis that specifies which dimension of "public" is under examination — governance, funding, access, or accountability — rather than treating the term as self-explanatory. Evidence carries the most weight when it draws on concrete examples, policy documents, or institutional data that directly support the central argument. A common pitfall is conflating descriptive summary with analysis; the most effective papers move beyond defining public versus private distinctions to argue why those distinctions produce meaningful differences in outcomes for individuals and communities.

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Paper Undergraduate
Jimmy Carter's energy crisis speech and its enduring relevance
President Jimmy Carter was a fundamental part of a serious crisis in the U.S. That crisis revolved around excessive price increases and embargoes on imported oil, during a time when foreign oil imports were increasing…
Paper Doctorate
The evolution of technology in musical theatre production
Musical theatre has existed in some form for centuries. Theatre is an art form that allows many emotions to be expressed through acting and music. While talented performers are most responsible for being characters to…
Paper Doctorate
Cognitive therapy and exposure response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder
OCD & Cognitive Therapy (CT)/Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Paper Doctorate
Personal and social factors affecting numeracy acquisition
Acquisition of numeracy has been an issue that has attracted a lot or research .The research is mostly aimed at finding out the personal and social factors that affect the acquisition of numeracy as well as the impact…
Essay Doctorate
Public smoking bans and secondhand smoke health risks
Tobacco smoke should certainly be considered a toxic chemical, and its risks to human health have been well-known for decades. Any reasonable person -- or indeed anyone who is even slightly familiar with the medical and…
Essay Doctorate
Enterprise-wide security monitoring strategy for unified systems
For an enterprise-wide security management strategy to be successful, the monitoring systems and processes must seek to accomplish three key strategic tasks. These tasks include improving situational awareness, proactive risk management and robust crisis and security incident management (Gellis, 2004). With these three objectives as the basis of the security monitoring strategies and recommended courses of action, an organization will be able to withstand security threats and interruptions while attaining its objectives. Beginning with the internal systems including Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, General Ledger, and Human Resources, monitoring needs to be designed to capture strategic threats at the operating system and application level to be effective (Nagaratnam, Nadalin, Hondo, McIntosh, Austel, 2005). Each of the applications in these areas of enterprise software is designed to be used in the context of user's roles and information needs. Restricting access to sensitive information by role as defined in these applications is critical to the monitoring of resources and their effectiveness in delivering value to the organization (Gordon, Loeb, Tseng, 2009). Creating a governance framework hat can provide for enough role-based flexibility while monitoring overall performance is critical for an organization to keep accomplishing its goals while also staying secure (Khoo, Harris, Hartman, 2010). Often the many internal systems of a business are integrated into a common enterprise-wide information platform. Many organizations use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to unify these many systems into a single system of record to make security management and monitoring more cost-effective (Gellis, 2004). For the many internal IT systems that require IT monitoring, integrating them into a common system of record is also critical as it allows for auditing of cross-system and intra-system transactions. Too often organizations fail in their security monitoring strategies by allowing silos of systems to dominate their overall IT architecture (Nagaratnam, Nadalin, Hondo, McIntosh, Austel, 2005). By applying security monitoring at both the strategic IT level including the system of record and at the role-based access level of each application, organizations can attain a 360-degree level of system monitoring compliance and threat assessment. Having an integrated system security structure also allows for more effective risk management strategies including the ability to isolate and act on security incidents more effectively than siloed systems allow for. Each of the mission-critical systems within a business, encompassing Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, General Ledger, and Human Resources rely on integration with systems and processes external to the company as well. Integrating to systems outside the organization also present risks to the entire organization as well. These external integration links, whether automated through the use of advanced system technologies or defined through the use of logins and passwords, must be monitoring and audited as well (Gellis, 2004). The risks and need for security are amplified by the use of Internet-based marketing, sales and e-commerce systems (Kesh, Ramanujan, Nerur, 2002). Monitoring of these applications is more challenging as they are open to the public. The first area of monitoring is on security authentication and attempts to break into sales, marketing and e-commerce systems through the use of password generation or cross-scripting attacks (Thompson, 2004). E-Commerce systems are increasingly relying on mobile platforms and support for smartphones running the Apple iOS and Google Android operating systems, both of which can be successfully broken into by hackers (Ghosh, Swaminatha, 2001). The monitoring of Internet-based customer facing systems including e-commerce need to be tracked at the transaction, application, and customer profile privacy levels to be effective (Desai, Richards, Desai, 2003). All of these factors need to be taken into account within a broader network monitoring strategy of inbound Internet traffic in an attempt to find patterns of intrusions that are most likely to occur (Hong, Park, Young-Min, Park, 2001)
Paper Doctorate
Global warming's role in increasing extreme weather phenomena
There is much controversy regarding climate change in the recent years and the reasons for which it is happening. While the majority lobbies with regard to global warming as being one of the principal reasons, it has recently become a trend for many scientists to argue with regard to extreme weather phenomena actually having nothing to do with climate change. Extreme weather phenomena are becoming even more severe as a result of the progress that global warming experienced in the last few years. Considering conditions in the contemporary society, it appears that there is a strong connection between global warming, human actions, and extreme weather phenomena.
Essay Doctorate
Press freedom and religious traditionalism in Indonesia
The document considers the issue of freedom of the press in Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates. The government of both regions profess that the media has freedom of expression. These, however, come with strong restrictions and controls, which must be kept in mind if expanding businesses to these regions. Business owners need to be aware of specific restrictions for specific regions.
Essay Doctorate
Adolescent alcohol abuse: addressing the treatment gap
Adolescent alcohol abuse has been an ongoing public health problem for many years. While alcohol abuse trends tend to increase and subside over time, recent research continues to show an alarming level of alcohol use. For example, surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) show that alcohol use has dropped slightly when compared with previous years, in 2011 almost two thirds (65%) of high school seniors and almost one third (29%) of eighth graders had used alcohol within the past month.
Paper Masters
Changing roles of women in American society during the nineteenth century
In what ways did the role of women in society change during this period?