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Essays

Brooks and Penn (2003) compared the effectiveness of the 12-step approach with the cognitive-behavioral (Self-Management and Recovery Training [SMART]) approach for people with a dual diagnosis of serious mental illness and substance use disorder. The 112 participants were tested in in an intensive outpatient/partial hospitalization setting and were assigned to two treatment conditions. 50 participants completed the 6-month treatment program. The participants were tested during five intermittent periods. Researchers discovered that the 12 Steps program was more efficacious in decreasing alcohol use and increasing social interactions, but that it resulted in a worsening of medical problems, health status, employment status, and psychiatric hospitalization. SMART, on the other hand, showed positive associating with finding employment and improved psychiatric status, but it resulted in increased drug (specifically marijuana) use. Both approaches showed decrease in use of alcohol and increase in life satisfaction. The participants who stayed longer with either program showed greater improvement, whilst completion of the entire program showed positive association with better financial health, less alcohol use, and fewer medical problems.

The purpose of this dissertation study is to test the effectiveness of an everyday activities-based protocol (Holm, Santangelo, Fromuth, Brown & Walter, 2000) for managing challenging and disruptive behaviors of 13- to…

¶ … Nokes and Nwakeze (2007) was to test the effectiveness of health outcomes on health outcomes of HIV and people aged 50+ and older. This was a quasi-experimental designs and random sampling was used.

Fundamental objective of establishing PCAOB is to protect the interests of investors as well as enhancing fair and accurate audit reporting. PCAOB set rules for firms to report their financial activities. The study discusses the procedures an auditing firm could use to implement an effective auditing. While the traditional financial auditing practice is effective, forensic auditing process is an aggressive method to detect fraud.

Wolfgang Petersen's 1984 film The Neverending Story or Die Unendliche Geschichte was based loosely on the fantasy novel by Michael Ende. The movie which provides the viewer with a plethora of special effects deviates…

¶ … No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act passed in 2001 was intended to create better accountability in the schools and produce better outcomes for public education. Although the federal government has vehemently defended…

Testing a child is not like testing a car or a toy: children can be highly influenced by the environment in which the assessment takes place. A child who has never taken a standardized or psychological test will not…

This paper examines the early films of Stanley Kubrick and shows how the director's technique and exploration of certain themes evolved from his early documentary works through to his first feature length films, which though dramatic and of a genre, were ultimately attempts by Kubrick to document reality--or life as it was and is.

This study will aim to investigate what critical factors are necessary for staff and faculty to adopt in the classroom to raise achievement among multicultural students. This study will include qualitative analysis of…

¶ … Barbies, Ourselves" and "Barbie, G.I. Joe, and Play in the 1960's," Emily Praeger and Gary Cross, respectively, discuss the cultural importance of children's toy dolls, and of Barbie and G.I.