Consciousness The term consciousness has been defined as "mental awareness of sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings" (Brown, et al. 2003, p. 166). Most human beings live in three states of consciousness: waking, sleeping, and dreaming. Two other states of consciousness, meditation and drug-altered consciousness, can be induced. This essay will explore these five states further and will conclude with a discussion on their psychological relevance. Waking Most of our lives are spent

SHAMANIC APPROACHES vs. ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS Compare and contrast Eastern and shamanic approaches to altering consciousness This paper focuses on the similarities and differences between eastern Shamanic practices and altered states of consciousness (ASC), and the significance of these practices in the today's urban society. Prior to going deep into the discussion, it is significance to define the terms; Shamanic and altered states of consciousness. As asserted by Oesterreich (1935:295), Shamanic

Catholic church and public policy have remarked that the members of American clergy in general, without even excepting those who do not admit religious liberty, are all in favour of civil freedom; but they do not support any particular political system. They keep aloof from parties, and from public affairs. In the United States religion exercises but little influence upon laws, and upon the details of public opinion; but it

Religious Ethics in Comparison Though the three religions reviewed and critiqued in this paper -- Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam -- have very different histories and quite original approaches to ethics, there are also a number of startling similarities when comparing them. One can easily find the differences, and this paper does indeed point to the differences. And yet, when it comes to the philosophical ingredients that go into each of the

Metropolis, Fashion, Society Metropolis, Fashion, and Society In his portrayal of the flaneur, Baudelaire captured the essence of youth: the striving to be different, to be seen, and yet not be seen. In his words, the flaneur "enjoys the excitement and anonymity of, in particular, life on the city streets…to see the world, to be at the centre of the world, and yet to remain hidden from the world" Baudelaire, 1984, 9-10).

Mandik Both Rolls and Mandik provide information on consciousness. Rolls presents a model of visual consciousness, while Mandik presents his view on the neurophilosophy of consciousness. By looking at information from both sides, it can be seen that Rolls model provides a substantive view of consciousness. Rolls' argument is that locating errors in multi-step inferences means that the steps are conscious, because they require a higher-order level of mental monitoring (Campana