Billy Budd, Sailor There are many themes to be considered in Herman Melville's story of Billy Budd; individualism verses society, the vulnerability of innocence, and conscience verses law. In this paper we will explore the latter in the context of the time and setting of the story.

There is a scene in chapter 21 where a small drumhead court is assembled by Captain Vere to consider the fate of Billy after he has struck Claggart, a superior aboard the ship, and killed him for lying about his alleged involvement in conspiring to incite a mutiny aboard ship. As the court waivers on what to do about the situation Captain Vere speaks, "But something in your aspect seems to urge that it is not solely the heart that moves in you, but also the conscience, the private conscience. But tell me whether or not, occupying the position we do, private conscience should not yield to that imperial one formulated in the code under which alone we officially proceed?"(p. 1920). Captain Vere understands that his men are struggling...

The officer of marines argues that Budd did not intend mutiny or homicide, so the death penalty seems unwarranted. The sailing master inquires if it is not possible to convict and yet mitigate the penalty (p. 1921).
At this point the question of guilt or innocence moves from the personal to the social level. Captain Vere fears that any verdict other than death will send the wrong message to the crew. The Captain contends that the crew, "long molded by arbitrary discipline" (p. 1921) have not the capacity to understand if an…