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¶ … psychology, it has intended to be a branch of the sciences. For it to be considered science, psychology must not hypothesize without testing. It is unfortunate that the history of psychology is marked with failed hypothesis. For it to be ethical, it has to draw conclusions after a formal laboratory experiment with stringent protocol instead of retrospective studies that result from past occurrences.
Science share basic procedures and expectations, it tests theories and get results, those results can be tested by others and achieve the same results, this is a challenge with psychology. For instance, normal therapeutic treatments involve research, diagnosis and treatment, but many results are scientifically indistinguishable. There is limited distinction between research and treatment.
There are issues that play a fundamental role in evaluation of psychological theories. First, is whether the theory adequately and formally describes the framework that accounts for observed psychological and other empirical data. Second, is whether the theory describes accurately a pattern that can be easily and directly interpreted by other theorists. Thirdly, is investigating whether the theory is logical and it consistently fits into other theories to make a coherent whole. The theory need to be consistent with theories in other subjects. Fourth, it has to be constructed in a way that important tests can be done, which...
Fifth, the theory needs to give genuine interpretation of existing results. Sixth, the theory should be as simple as possible. Seventh, the theory should be a new theory and not restatement of an existing one. Eighth, the theory should apply a wide range of phenomenon and not restricted to a particular domain. Ninth, the theory should have applied implications; ideal scientific theories are beneficial to the society as a whole. Lastly, the theory should make claims about the construction of mind that appears logical when exposed to environmental occurrences that have shaped our dynamic history.
There are psychological perspectives that meet the accepted requirements of scientific methods, issues and content that can be investigated as psychological and scientific. First, psychoanalysis is fully able to understand behavior, though critics accuse it of failing to predict future occurrences. Kline (1984) argues that this theory can be segmented into testable hypothesis and done scientifically. Second, behaviorism applies certain principles to outline a wide range of behavior. It has a tough perspective such as determination from the environment.
This theory can be used to predict human as well as animal behavior, Skinner (1948) in this books talks about a society that is guided by behaviorist principles. Third, Cognitive psychology, which uses a scientific approach…
References
Kline, P. (1984). Psychology and Freudian Theory. Methuen.
Rozeboom, W.W. (1960). The Fallacy of Null Hypothesis Significance Test. Psychological Bulletin, 416-428.
Skinner, B.F. (1948). Walden Two.
Stangor, C. (2007). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Assignment 1 Phenomenological psychology focuses on the subjective experiences of individuals. The “founder” of phenomenology, Edmund Husserl presented a cohesive methodology and philosophical framework that laid the foundation for phenomenological psychology. One of the greatest challenges of phenomenological psychology is differentiating between the unique subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals and the need to discern an objective, shared reality. Phenomenological psychology is almost easier to define by what it is not:
PSYCHOLOGY as a SCIENCE Psychology is a relatively new field of science as opposed to the natural sciences because it was born out of the spirit of humanism after the Renaissance (Hergenhahn, 108). As a result, methods and norms in the field are still being developed. In addition, the subject matter of the field includes the mind, personality and other intangible entities that cannot be subjected to the same kind of
The U.S. would be the attractive woman, minimally dressed, as well as the snake which sometime represents male reproductive prowess. The UR would be a general feeling of sexual excitement targeted toward men but could be experienced by either gender. The brand of vodka is the CS while the intended CR is a feeling of sexual excitement when viewing the brand. Figure 1 - Smirnoff Ad (Crooked Brains, 2012) 3.How could
As emotionally intelligent employees are reportedly more content, conscientious and committed in the workplace, businesses and organizations are repeatedly advised to recruit and retain these individuals. Abraham (2006), nevertheless, reports that the strongest findings emerging from her study was.".. The effect of job control on emotional intelligence." She contends that emotionally intelligent employees will not just naturally thrive in their workplace; that the work environment needs to provide independence in
Psychology Testing The Impact and Importance of Psychological Testing Defining Psychological Testing A test is defined as a method or procedure for critical evaluation or as a means of establishing the quality, truth, or presence of something. (Webster's Dictionary, 2011). According to the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) and the American Psychological Association (APA) (1999), psychological test or psychological testing is a discipline most frequently
This is something that is clear and apparent, and with its correlation to the concluded question, the relevance of the risk involved with drunk driving can be negatively associated to the danger in both situations depicted. Utilizing the illustrations of a descending skydiver and a destroyed automobile below, the visual aspect of the poster will be more thoroughly identifiable. Following the heading previously mentioned and the visual illustrations, a