(De Leon, 2010)
Finally, in recent years there has been a call for more stringent regulatory measured to be put in place in order to prevent this category of disease. Many experts refer to outdated laws and policies that are not successful in detecting and prevent problems along the entire food production process (Jessen). They also refer to restricted and inadequate legal tools to check the spread of the diseases. There is therefore a need not only to update present legislation but also for organizations and individuals to be become more aware of the need to prevent this type of disease from occurring.

eferences

De Leon D. ( 2010) Start at the Store: 7 Ways to Prevent Foodborne Illness. etrieved from http://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/7ways.html

Definition of Foodborne disease. etrieved from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25399Focus on Epidemiology. Houston Health (2001). etrieved from http://www.houstontx.gov/health/HoustonHealth/winter01.pdf

Foodborne diseases take heavy toll on public health. etrieved from http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=18&ved=0CDgQFjAHOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbioniche.com%2Fnewsroom_factsheet.cfm&ei=SJ7ITMX1LdDCswako7iPDg&usg=AFQjCNESQAvUohGiQZZN1L1TCFwwl-DYQ&sig2=bnOdvFEDnTPpuZO8D2blQ

Foodborne Illness. etrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodborneillness.html

Food safety and…...

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References

De Leon D. ( 2010) Start at the Store: 7 Ways to Prevent Foodborne Illness. Retrieved from  http://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/7ways.html 

Definition of Foodborne disease. Retrieved from   on Epidemiology. Houston Health (2001). Retrieved from http://www.houstontx.gov/health/HoustonHealth/winter01.pdfhttp://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25399Focus 

Foodborne diseases take heavy toll on public health. Retrieved from  http://www.google.co.za/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=18&ved=0CDgQFjAHOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbioniche.com%2Fnewsroom_factsheet.cfm&ei=SJ7ITMX1LdDCswako7iPDg&usg=AFQjCNESQAvUohGiQZZN1L1TCRFwwl-DYQ&sig2=bnOdvFERDnTPpuZO8D2blQ 

Foodborne Illness. Retrieved from  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodborneillness.html

From the Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Act (Section 27), venereal diseases refer to ailments like gonorrhoea, granuloma, chlamydia, chancroid, syphilis, lymphopathia venereum and inguinale (Public Health Law Research, 2014). Established by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the California Regulations and Reportable Disease Information Exchange refer to a safe system used for automated disease diagnosis and monitoring. A number of certain conditions and diseases are authorized by State regulations and rules to be stated by laboratories and healthcare providers to the state healthcare agencies. The mission CPDH pursues is the enhancement of the efficacy of surveillance exercises as well as the quick identification of health occurrences amid public via the gathering of timely and up-to-date surveillance information across the State. This provides a platform for reporting as well as collection of health conditions in real time throughout the year. CPDHs and LHDs (or Local Health Departments) are both…...

Glycogen storage diseases are caused by inherited mutations that alter the enzymatic activity of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (Wolfsdorf and Weinstein, 2003). The disorders can be roughly divided into those that primarily affect glycogen storage in the liver, resulting in the prototypical symptom of hypoglycemia, and those that affect glycogen storage in muscle tissue and therefore causing muscle weakness.
Glycogen torage Disease Type-I (von Gierke Disease)

Glycogen storage disease type-I (GD-I) can be broken down into at least two distinct autosomal recessive diseases (Wolfsdorf and Weinstein, 2003). Type-Ia disease involves mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase or LC37A4) and type-Ib involves mutations in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter-1 (G6PT1 or MIM232220) gene. Type-Ia is by far the most common, representing 80% of all GD-I patients. Over 70 mutations in gene encoding G6Pase have been identified that impair its function and therefore the ability of the liver to mobilize glycogen stores to…...

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Since the main source of glycogen is glucose-6-phosphate, and G6Pase is critical for both glucogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, mutations causing a G6Pase deficiency result in the more severe symptoms experienced by patients with glycogen storage disease. The symptoms of GSD-Ia include hypoglycemia, growth retardation, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lactic academia, hypoglycemic seizures, and coma (Kim and Bae, 2009). GSD-1b patients also suffer from neutropenia and myeloid dysfunctions, and defects in neutrophils respiratory bursts, chemotaxis, and calcium flux . The latter renders these patients susceptible to bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and aphtous stomatitis.

The major product of glycogen metabolism is glucose-1-phosphate, which is reversibly converted to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase (G6P; see Figure 1). G6P can then by hydrolyzed into glucose and inorganic phosphorus by the multi-component G6Pase enzymatic complex located on the luminal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Rake et al., 2000). The structure of the catalytic unit (G6Pase) consists of a nine-transmembrane helical structure, with the N-terminus and four loops positioned on the ER luminal surface. One of these transmembrane sections is home to 25 missense mutations that cause GSD type Ia, suggesting the resulting amino acid changes and this transmembrane section are critical to the catalytic activity of G6Pase. Another disease-linked missense mutation is located in the N-terminus and the remaining seven missense mutations that have been identified are located in two of the four loops. The only regions not linked to disease-causing mutations are the cytoplasmic loops and one luminal loop.

Overall, the majority of GSD type Ia cases are the result of just three mutations: R83C, Q347X, and 727GT (Rake et a., 2000). All other mutations individually account for less than 5% of disease prevalence and some have only been found in one patient or family. The arginine to cysteine change that occurs in patients with the R83C mutation results in a G6Pase protein without detectable phosphohydrolase activity (Lei, Shelly, Pann, Sidbury, and Chou, 1993). The Q347X mutation results in the conversion of a glutamine codon to a stop codon, which truncates the carboxy terminal by 11 residues and completely destroys the catalytic activity of G6Pase (Lei, Pan, Shelly, Liu, and Chou, 1994). The 727GT mutation affects the splicing of exons 4 and 5, despite the retention of the wild-type splice sites, and results in a G6Pase protein truncated by 146 amino acids (Kajihara et al., 1995). Other mutations similarly have been shown to abolish or significantly diminish G6Pase

esearch Skills - Locating and Evaluating esources: Diseases and DisordersIntroductionWhen using better quality articles in literature review during a study, the stronger the research becomes. However, the use of articles that are not respected is likely to lead to unfounded research conclusions (Harris, 1997). Therefore, this paper will analyze some considerations to qualify an articles authenticity and quality over the others.1. McIntyre, . S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., Lpez-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., ... & Mansur, . B. (2020). Bipolar disorders.The Lancet,396(10265), 1841-1856.First, the article is published in the journal Elsevier, which is highly ranked on the Journal Quality List and is a global leader in information and analytics. The journal is well known for helping healthcare professionals and researchers improve healthcare outcomes and advance science by publishing quality papers. Subsequently, from academic search, the article has been cited several times (124 times) by researchers and research…...

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ReferencesBerry College. (2018, March 27). Evaluating web resources: What makes a credible website?   R. (1997). Evaluating Internet research sources. Virtual salt, 17(1), 1-17.-Iowa State University. (2019, February 6). Evaluating websites: Information literacy guide.https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/c.php?Marzani, G., & Neff, A. P. (2021). Bipolar Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment. American family physician, 103(4), 227-239.McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., López-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., ... & Mansur, R. B. (2020). Bipolar disorders. The Lancet, 396(10265), 1841-1856.-New Jersey State Library. (2019, May 9). Information literacy for TESU students.  https://libguides.njstatelib.org/info_literacy -Purdue University. OWL (Online Writing Lab).  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ Thompson, C., Shelton, M., Stark, E., Walker, M., Schechter, E., & Felt, A. P. (2019). The web’s identity crisis: understanding the effectiveness of website identity indicators. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 19) (pp. 1715-1732).-University of Maryland Global Campus. (2019). Is my source credible?https://libguides.umgc.edu/credibilitVieta, E., Berk, M., Schulze, T. G., Carvalho, A. F., Suppes, T., Calabrese, J. R., ... & Grande, I. (2018). Bipolar disorders. Nature reviews Disease primers, 4(1), 1-16.https://libguides.berry.edu/evaluatingweb Harris,

Polymicrobial Diseases of Animals and Diseases
Identify the research hypothesis and re-state it

The research hypothesis is that polymicrobial diseases found in animals as well as human beings are instigated by polyviral contaminations, polybacterial contaminations polymicrobial contaminations that involve viruses and bacteria, polymicrobial infections that involve fungi and parasites and polymicrobial infections owing to microbe-induced immunosuppression. These aforementioned illnesses are severe and whose etiologic causes are every now and then challenging to diagnose and treat.

What is the major issue at the heart of this publication?

The key issue at the core of this publication is the discussion of polymicrobial infections, particularly in human beings and animals. It also takes into consideration the etiological causes and the fundamental mechanisms of pathogenesis. It is imperative to note that polymicrobial illness is a fast developing and exceedingly studied field, yet at the same time signifies an ignored concept. Therefore, this article delves more into the comprehensive…...

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References

Brogden, K. A. (2002). Polymicrobial diseases of animals and humans.

" This drug has already won approval for use in Europe and the United tates. tudies conducted show that the drug "targets the tumor to control in four areas: in the site where hypersecretion starts, in GH secretion, IGF-1 and in the symptoms associated with the disease (Unknown, 2004)." While the drug has been approved, there are still contraindications to taking it such as a patient who has an irregular or slow heart rate, or blood sugar levels which are either too high or too low.
Occurrence

Although gigantism begins prior to puberty, the "majority of giants eventually demonstrate features of acromegaly, of which the mean age for the onset is within the 3rd decade of life. Even a congenital onset of GH excess has been suggested by linear growth acceleration occurring within the first few months of life in young children with documented gigantism (http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/84/12/4379)." Although there is no accurate number…...

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Simmons, Kirt E. (01 October, 1999). "Growth Hormone and Craniofacial Changes: Preliminary Data From Studies in Turner's Syndrome." Pediatrics.

Skatssoon, Judy. (21 May, 2002). "NSW: New discovery could lead to cure for dwaftism, gigantism." AAP General News (Australia).

Unknown. (01 June, 2004). "Novartis Sandostatin LAR approved in Japan for Acromegaly. Worldwide Biotech.

Valli G., et.al. (2002). Benefits, Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions of Herbal Therapies With Cardiovascular Effects. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Vol. 29, No. 7. Reprieved April 30, 2017 from http://www.unifra.br/pos/aafarm/downloads/_intera%C3%A7_%20cardiovascular.pdf
The article is a culmination of research and extensive literature reviews done by three researchers and specialists in the herbal medicine field of medical therapies. It is an academic and professional article widely informed by the ever rising use and need to use the herbal medicine in the USA. The FDA has weighed in especially in terms of the safety concerns of these various herbs hence this article objectively looks at the issues concerning the benefits, the adverse effects and the therapeutic value of various herbal therapies particularly among patients with cardiovascular diseases.

The article highlights the challenges that the herbal medicine faces in terms of the regulations and standards setting is concerned. Many manufacturers are seen not to…...

A way to better distribute the information that is being taught in the classrooms is also through the community so that the changes are also effecting the parents to the students, as a change on their part as well would be helpful in the battle against obesity. It would be useful to initially target pamphlets, an informational booth or table at grocery stores, where the foundation of the problem lies. It would be effective if information is given before families go grocery shopping so they are more conscious of the items that they are purchasing. Furthermore, information should also be initially presented on TVs, in newspapers and magazines and other mediums that would likely be used in the more low-key and sedentary setting in order to galvanize individuals to get outside. Once outside, in order to sustain the physical activity, it would be nice to have water and juice at…...

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Bibliography

Ahuja, Gitika, & Salahi, Lara. (11, February 2010). School nutrition program takes up obesity fight. Retrieved from  http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/OnCall/school-nutrition-program-takes-obesity-fight/story?id=9802468 

CausesofChildhoodObesity.org, Initials. (2010). Causes of childhood obesity. Retrieved from  http://causesofchildhoodobesity.org/ 

Facts about obesity in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/pdf/facts_about_obesity_in_the_united_states.pdf 

Mayo Clinic Staff, Initials. (2011, May 06). Risk factors. Retrieved from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=risk-factors

Applying Epidemiology
The case study centers mainly on analyzing the symptoms of an unknown disease experienced by students at one of the universities in Central South Texas. The students were suffering from nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. The two students reported the food they had taken in one of the local pizzerias had caused the illness. Other analyses on the 23 students seek to investigate the illness whose symptoms are described in the study. In order to do this, tests on the existence of certain disease-causing agents such as Listeria, Vibrio, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Escherichia Coli will be undertaken. The presence or absence of these organisms will aid the identification of the disease ailing the students. Besides, the case study describes the locality of the university succinctly and a place where it gets its water services. Analytically, the case study relates the unknown illness that the students suffer from to a…...

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References

Committee on Communicable Diseases Affecting Man, Food Subcommittee (1988). Procedures

to Investigate Foodborne Illness. Fourth Edition, Des Moines, Iowa: International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc.

Community and Public Health Online. Epidemiological Case Study 1. Gastroenteritis at a

World Health Organization
Advocating Universal Access to Primary Care

One major goal of primary health care is better health for all. Furthermore, the major international initiative to foster this goal is from the World Health Organization who has advocated since the late seventies to improve global public health by improving access. The WHO has created a coalition calls for a (WHO, N.d.):

"A new global coalition of more than 500 leading health and development organizations worldwide is urging governments to accelerate reforms that ensure everyone, everywhere, can access quality health services without being forced into poverty. The coalition emphasises the importance of universal access to health services for saving lives, ending extreme poverty, building resilience against the health effects of climate change and ending deadly epidemics such as Ebola."

The statement calls something other than common conceptions of what is referred to as "universal healthcare" in the West. However, "access" to healthcare in…...

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References

Evans, D., Hsu, J., & Boerma, T. (2013). Universal health coverage and universal access. Retrieved from WHO:  http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/8/13-125450/en/ 

WHO . (N.d.). Neglected Tropical Diseases. Retrieved from World Health Organization:  http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/ 

WHO. (N.d.). Univesal health coverage . Retrieved from World Health Organization:  http://www.who.int/universal_health_coverage/en/

It was found that certain types of food are more likely to lead to heart conditions while others may actually prevent development of the same. For the healthy heart, they thus recommended foods rich in fiber and wholegrain. This is consistent with the recommendations made by Heart association of America.
Heidemann is of the opinion that instead of simply adding certain nutrients to the diet, women need to change their entire diet pattern. This is their best safeguard against possible heart problems. The research particularly targets women and it is perplexing to understand but another researcher offer an explanation: "because there is still this notion that women don't die of heart disease. But the fact is, they do. And clearly, in terms of heart disease risk, diet makes a difference."

The findings of this study are anything but shocking or even new. They simply endorse what earlier studies have found. This…...

Health Self-Assessment
Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system. Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's ability to transform itself. This is an important concept, because it means that the brain is constantly changing, in that there is no constant self. The brain can thus be "re-wired," as a consequence of this neuroplasticity. When considering the brain and its role in our health, this is important because as the brain regenerates, we have the opportunity to change it. We do not need to be who we were, for example. Some of this is fairly common sense -- new experiences can change us -- but neuroscience has allowed this to be proven, that our brains are not set entities but can be transformed. Even more important is the finding that we can change our own brains over time with training (Draganski, et al., 2004).

Stress is one of the major influences on the nervous system,…...

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References

AIS (2016). Stress effects. American Institute of Stress. Retrieved April 5, 2016 from  http://www.stress.org/stress-effects/ 

Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Boghdan, U. & May, A. (2004). Neuroplasticity: Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature. Vol. 427 (22 Jan 2004) 311-312.

Pradhan, E., Baumgarten, M., Langenberg, P., Handwerger, B., Gilpin, A., Magyan, T., Hochberg, M. & Berman, B. (2007). Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care and Research. Vol. 57 (7) 1134-1142.

Zautra, A., Burleson, M., Matt, K., Roth, S. & Burrows, L. (1994). Interpersonal stress, depression and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Health Psychology. Vol. 13 (2) 139-148.

Depression, Disease, And Aging
Aging brings many changes in health, social relationships, work situation, and other dimensions of life, and old age has been examined as one aspect of life development, showing how earlier stages contribute to the coping mechanisms older people have and how they apply these to new situations. A number of the changes accompanying old age can create stress and depression, and in turn these psychological states can contribute to the onset of disease or to the course disease takes. Studies have also shown that untreated depression can contribute to a higher suicide rate for the elderly.

How the elderly person is affected may depend on his or her closest relationship. The aging process for many includes physical or mental deterioration which can place considerable strain on the life partner, who now has to contend not only with his or her own diminished function because of aging but also…...

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References

Causes of depression 2004, GlaxoSmithKline, retrieved August 23, 2005 from  http://www.depression.com/causes_of_depression.html .

Cox, H.G. (1988). Later life: the realities of aging. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Depner, C.E. & Ingersoll-Dayton, B. (1985). "Conjugal social support and patterns in later life." Journal of Gerontology, 40, No. 6, 761-766.

Ebersole, P. & Hess, P. (1998). Toward healthy aging: Human needs and nursing response. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that attacks young males. It may lead to the fusion of the spine (Sarker, 2016). The fusion can result in the spin being rigid thereby making the patient develop a hunched back. Subsequently, the patient may have breathing problems because of the posture. Other inflammatory signs may show up in other parts of the body such as the eyes (Sieper & Braun, 2010).
Etiology and Incidences

Ankylosing's etiology is still unknown but there are pointers to a genetic risk and component. esearchers have highlighted the association it has with the HLA B27 gene. They have proposed ineffective mechanisms but they are seen to be less apparent as is the case with reactive arthritis.

The prevalence of Ankylosing spondylitis in the general population is low (0.1% to 1.4%). It is more prevalent among Caucasians than in members of other races. Those suffering from chronic lower back pain…...

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References

Ebringer, A., & Ebringer, A. (2012). Muscle Changes in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis and Klebsiella, 45-50. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4300-0_6

Gaidukova, I. Z., & Rebrov, A. P. (2016). THE RISK OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (BECHTEREW'S DISEASE) AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A 10-YEAR PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY. The Clinician, 10(3), 26-31. doi:10.17650/1818-8338-2016-10-3-26-31

Moon, K., & Kim, Y. (2014). Medical Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Hip & Pelvis, 26(3), 129. doi:10.5371/hp.2014.26.3.129

Sarker, H. (2016). Case-45 Back Pain and Stiffness (Ankylosing Spondylitis). Short & Long Cases in Clinical Medicine, 354-357. doi:10.5005/jp/books/12920_46

(Associated Press) This means that patients would be able to decide whether or not to undergo treatment with Provenge irrespective of cost.
The subsidization of expensive medical treatments by the Medicare program is actually nothing new. Medicare already pays for other expensive cancer treatments from companies such as Genentech and Eli Lilly. (Associated Press) However, the recent backlash against government expenditures on healthcare has compelled the Medicare program to give closer scrutiny to the drugs it agrees to cover. There were many who were surprised, and offended, that the Medicare program even considered the possibility of not covering Provenge treatments. (Associated Press) These people believe that the federal government's commitment to cover the health care costs of older individuals is absolute. They believe that this responsibility does not have a price limit.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer patients seem to have received the best of all worlds with the recent developments involving Sipuleucel-T. They…...

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Bibliography

P.W. Kantoff, C.S. Higano, N.D. Shore, et al. (2010). "Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." New England Journal of Medicine 363: 411 -- 422. Available at  http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1001294 .

"Survival Benefit of Sipuleucel-T in Prostate Cancer Appears Durable." Elsevier Global Medical News. Mar 11, 2010. Available at http://www.oncologystat.com/news/Survival_Benefit_of_Sipuleucel-T_in_Prostate_Cancer_Appears_Durable_US.html.

"Dendreon Cancer Drug Faces U.S. Review Tied to Its Sole Product." Catherine Larkin. Nov. 16, 2010. Available at  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-16/dendreon-cancer-drug-faces-u-s-review-tied-to-its-sole-product.html 

"Medicare panel backs $93K cancer drug Provenge." Associated Press. Nov. 18, 2010. Available at  http://www.usatoday.com/yourlife/health/medical/cancer/2010-11-18-provenge-medicare_N.htm

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Cor Pulmonale is pulmonary heart disease, which causes failure of the right ventricle. This comes as a result of high blood pressure within the lungs. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs, often as a result of congestive heart failure. Both diseases would be unfortunate and difficult to deal with, but pulmonary edema would be preferable. There are medications and treatments that can be used in order to reduce the fluid in the lungs and keep the congestive heart failure at bay. The Cor Pulmonale, though, will damage the heart\'s right ventricle, and there is nothing that can be....

When most people think about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economics, they think of it as being purely destructive.  While there can be no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has created economic uncertainty in many sectors, leading to a loss of production and high unemployment rates in many areas, it cannot be ignored that the pandemic has also led to new opportunities for certain businesses.  Understanding those opportunities may be critical to the overall recovery of the global economy, as those industries that have experienced gains determine how to leverage them in a way that....

Since we do not know what you have put in your first page, it is a little difficult to tell you where to start on your second page.  What we are going to do is go over some of the negative effects of gentrification and give you some links to find more information about those negative effects.  Hopefully, this will help you get over your writer’s block and get past page two.

At first glance, gentrification may seem like a positive.  After all, gentrification means an upward trend economically for a historically economically disadvantaged neighborhood.  However, long-term residents....