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Bipolar and Personality Disorder
Introduction Borderline personality disorder is frequently found in patients suffering from bi-polar disorder but there is a need to distinguish them as one is a mood disorder and the other is a personality disorder (Yao et al., 2015). The DSM-5 states that for borderline personality disorder, day-to-day changes in the person’s emotions are likely to be seen based on stress levels, the individual will engage in intense relationships and lack the ability to control the emotions, there will be signs of self-harm while feelings of boredom and apathy persist or coincide with feelings of intense emotion, whether joy or anger, typically followed by feelings of intense guilt and remorse.
Approximately 20% of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder are also found to suffer from borderline personality disorder (Zimmerman & Morgan, 2013). While some of the symptoms and characteristics of both disorders are similar, it is important, as Zimmerman and Morgan (2013) point out, to distinguish between the two, as each requires its own form of treatment in order to allow the patient to overcome the issues associated with each. This paper will discuss the treatment considerations for a person presenting with both bipolar disorder and personality disorder.
Comorbid Disorders
DSM-5 (2013) states that the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar 1 Disorder are: “For a diagnosis of bipolar 1 disorder, it is necessary to meet the following criteria for a manic episode. The manic episode may have been preceded by and may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes” (p. 123). Mania is described as a distinct period of high self-esteem, flighty ideas, easy distraction, pursuit of high risk ideas and lack of sleep. Depression is described as consisting of decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness, trouble concentrating, possible suicidal ideation, changes in psychomotor activity. Bipolar episodes consist of irrational periods of both manic episodes followed by or preceded by episodes of severe depression.
Treatment Considerations for Personality Disorders
Four possible treatment options for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder would be a) psychopharmacological treatments, b) psychological treatments, c) family therapy based treatments, and d) biomedical treatments. These options are not really any different from those that might be provided for a patient suffering from personality disorder. For comorbidity of bipolar and personality disorder, the treatment would likely consider a combination of drugs and therapy.
A pharmacological approach to treatment would include the…
Bipolar psychiatric disorder (BD) -- which is characterized by "…cycles of depression and mania" -- is a "euphoric, high-energy state" that can produce remarkable bursts of creativity or, on the other hand, can produce erratic behavioral events that are risky and provocative (Gardner, 2011). About 2.4% of the world's population has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (at one time or another in their lifetime) but the rate in the United
32) The overall diagnostic and symptomatic patterns described by these points indicate that BPD is a serious disorder and is "...classified as a major personality disorder involving dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; intense, unstable moods and relationships; chronic anger; and substance abuse." (Boucher, 1999, p. 33) There are a number of criteria which, in line with DSM-IV, are used to identify and characterize this disorder. The first of these criteria refers
Cluster B Personality Disorder In this article some of the latest research regarding the Cluster B personality disorders has been given along with their etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Further some research related to the causes, preventive measures and treatments of such disorders has been discussed here as well. The article also presents biblical and cultural points-of-views regarding the disorder. Lastly, various viewpoints associated with the counter transference related to the treatment
A lack of consistency in punishment may lead the child to believe that punishment is random and it may become unclear which behaviors are acceptable or unacceptable. A childhood of abuse and neglect are a key contributing factor in many cases. Everyone involved in a child's life may be a factor in preventing or promoting the development of antisocial behavior (Mayo Foundation, 2006). Consistency in punishment and reward, as
Mental Illness from a Counselor's Perspective Alcohol Dependency in Women Symptoms of Alcohol Dependency Alcohol dependency or alcoholism is suspected when persons appear to be preoccupied by the consumption of alcoholic beverages (Johnson, 2003). The three prototypical markers of alcohol dependency are a loss of control over the consumption of alcohol, preoccupation with alcohol consumption, and the use of alcohol despite adverse affects on the person's quality of life. For example, Elaine
E., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations" (DSM-IV, 2000)); d) has no empathy for those he has taken advantage of, such as family members (asking for a loan), landlords (failure to pay rent on time), investors (when the company goes "belly up" (DSM-IV, 2000)). Works Cited American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition. Desk Reference. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric