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No high-achieving nation tests every child, every year, in the way we're currently doing. They have much more intellectually ambitious assessments [or measuring not just memory but what students can do with knowledge].-- Ed Finkel, 2010
As the epigraph above emphasizes, during an era when critical thinking skills have assumed new importance, young people's academic and professional careers are still being controlled by high-stakes standardized testing regimes and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for student performance. As a result, it is little wonder that there has been a growing tendency on the part of many educators to "teach to the test." Indeed, and as also underscored by the epigraph above, the classroom testing process itself can be viewed as being counterproductive to the extent that it detracts from long-term learning and the development of the critical thinking skills young people need today to be competitive in the workplace. This paper reviews the literature to demonstrate how testing tends to overlook the importance of long-term learning, followed by a summary of the research and important findings about the implications of testing on long-term learning in the conclusion.
For instance, according to one educator, "High-stakes, standardized tests have become ubiquitous in public education in the United States. Teachers across the country are feeling the intensified pressures from high-stakes testing policies and are responding to these pressures by teaching to the tests in varying ways" (Au, 2009, p. 43). While there has been an across-the-board increase in these pressures throughout the U.S. in recent years due to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Roach, 2014), some states have experienced these pressures differently, with teachers in lower-performing states being invariably more likely to teach to the test compared to their counterparts in higher-performing states (Au, 2009). Notwithstanding these state-level differences, however, there has also been a corresponding general increase in the use of standardized tests in the United States over the past 30 years that has profoundly affected the manner in which young people are evaluated for academic progress (Roach, 2014).
Given these criticisms, it is not surprising that current testing regimes in the U.S. have become the focus of an increasing amount of criticism from educators and policymakers alike who recognize the harmful long-term effects that these assessment methods can have on the development of the critical thinking skills that are needed by youth people…
Lee is only the first step in the process of building a team that is able to cover all aspects of Mrs. Lee's care. The team approach involving a social worker, nurse, physician, pharmacist, and physical therapist affords Mrs. Lee a full range of professionals attending to her various needs. Although Mrs. Lee has a number of problems that need to be addressed the one problem that must be addressed
Standardized testing vs. authentic assessment in the elementary and junior high school The role of evaluation is one of the basic issues discussed in education today, which is of main concern. Assessment may be described as a method used to better know the present knowledge that a student has. This means that assessment can be as easy as a teacher's subjective judgment based on a single scrutiny of student performance, or
(1996) that do not this particular element as a deciding factor in the procedures (e.g., Meltzoff, 1988). Research Question will explore the dimension and effect of vicarious learning and its importance in today's world at a very early stage of a person's life: school life. Does vicarious behavior and observance or peer pressure/influence have an effect on the viewer or observer's behavior? Is this effect long-term or short-term, good or
The kidneys of someone that has chronic renal failure are generally smaller than average kidneys, with some notable and important exceptions (Rogers, 2004). Two of these exceptions would be polycystic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy (Rogers, 2004). Another diagnostic tool that is used, that of the study of the serum creatinine levels, can not only diagnose chronic renal failure, but also help to distinguish it from acute renal failure,
Administrative Management Life Learning and Experiential Knowledge in Administrative Management Concrete Experience. In 1991, I accepted a position as a customer service specialist with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Associated, College Retirement Equity Funds (TIAA-CREF) in New York, New York which I still maintain today. In a day and age characterized by "job hopping" in search of greener pastures, some observers might be shocked to find that I have been with the same company
65). By controlling these two aspects of a scientific experiment, researchers are able to establish the specific causality of the phenomenon being studied. In this regard, Kahle and Riley note that, "Traditionally, causality is established through strict control and randomization over all other factors while experimentally manipulating the variable or variables in question" (2004, p. 165). Finally, Gliner and Morgan (2000) report that the internal validity (discussed further below)