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They may not be able to afford new schools, and they may not be able to hire the best teachers in those schools.
There is also a growing movement to move administration away from the school district, known as "empowerment." In this movement, the schools take over their own administration with parents, staff, and community members involved in the process. An education expert notes, "Empowerment removes the decision-making processes of a school from the school board members and superintendents. The school's staff members, families of students, community and business representatives, and secondary level students, then make the school's decision-making processes" (Czubaj, 1999, p. 181). There are certain guidelines and parameters that must be met in these empowerment situations, but they have been successful in many parts of the country, leading to improved learning situations for most students.
Along with this empowerment movement, there are other movements which give more empowerment to the teachers themselves, believing they are the most fit to operate the school and make educational decisions for the students. Another writer notes, "These teacher partnerships essentially bypass the middleman (i.e., the principal) and act as a collaborative body of classroom-level reformers, making daily decisions close to the ground in ways that benefit their students" (Williams, 2007). Clearly, empowerment at the district and school levels is changing, and districts are beginning to look at new, innovative ways to operate in the 21st century. With...
Empowerment at several layers throughout the agency is one way to ensure schools keep operating effectively, with lower costs, while still maintaining high educational standards for the students.
In conclusion, school agencies are empowered by the people who elect them, and by their success in educating and empowering their students. They are also empowered by those community members and parents that help support them in so many different ways. They are disempowered by outside control and situations, such as loss of revenue, lack of school performance, and federal mandates. School agencies must overcome the disempowerment from their communities to be successful, and they must develop positive procedures for teachers and staff that will lead to positive outcomes in the educational process.
References
Czubaj, C.A. (1999). School empowerment. Education, 120(1), 181.
Jacobson, L. (2008). States eye looser rein on districts. Retrieved 10 Feb. 2009 from the Education Week Web site: http://www.edweek.org/login.html?source=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/03/05/26flex.h27.html&destination=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/03/05/26flex.h27.html&levelId=2100.
Williams, J. (2007). Revolution from the faculty lounge: The emergence of teacher-led schools and cooperatives. Phi Delta Kappan, 89(3), 210+.
For example, students raised in highly literate households will be far more likely to excel in literacy skills than students raised in less literate households or in households in which English is not the first language. Educators disempower their students and themselves when they lose interest in questioning the methods they use or the material they teach. Curriculum that fails to address social ills, glossing over problematic areas of
Empowerment Perceptions and Conflict Modern organizations often grow beyond executive control. As a result, management process often becomes expensive to monitor. This is based on the knowledge that quality managers are scarce. However, there is an option of building internal organization mechanism; for instance, empowerment to substitute the absenteeism of management. This study shows how empowerment is applied to provide consensus in an organization. Parameters prompting an organization to apply empowerment
Message of Empowerment in Dream Deferred, Dreams, and Daystar Dream Deferred (Harlem) by Langston Hughes, Dreams by Nikki Giovanni, and Daystar by Rita Dove are most often categorized as poetry offering insight into the frustration of African-Americans because of societies continuous oppression of their hopes, desires, and dreams. This is correct, but upon further examination one finds there is a deeper, more universal message among the prose...personal empowerment. A person's individual
Changeling is the 2009 film directed by Clint Eastwood that looks at the complex relationship between Christine Collins and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) as she sets out to find her son, Walter, who vanished and "mysteriously" reappeared only to have been replaced by an imposter. Through her continued insistence that the child returned to her was not her legitimate son, Reverend Gustav Brieglib, who was on a personal
It is in this way that fiction from female aboriginal Canadian writers both empowers the authors and their people and brings to light better understandings of what native Canadians have faced and must continue to face. One native scholar on the subject has been quoted as saying, "our task…is two fold. To examine the past and culturally affirm toward a new future" (Armstrong, in Acoose 227). It is not simply
Boosting Employee Morale After Downsizing Downsizing has become a significant idea in today's economy and maintaining the trust of employees when something like this takes place has also become very serious business (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger, Martin, & Bies, 1994). The question is not whether a company should downsize their employees but how to do the downsizing properly so that as few employees as possible are injured (Brockner, Konovsky, Cooper-Schneider, Folger,