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History
The disease first described and defined in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer and named after him in 1910 has led to tremendous breakthroughs in brain and neurological research, according to the Alzheimer’s Association (2018). Alzheimer, a German physician, analyzed the brains of patients with the characteristic symptoms of the disease including profound and debilitating memory loss, noticing “shrinkage,” as well as “abnormal deposits in and around nerve cells,” (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018, p. 1). Alzheimer also described the amyloid plaques now known to be linked to the symptoms of the disease, as well as neurofibrillary tangles (National Institute on Aging, 2018). Since Alzheimer’s early discoveries, subsequent researchers in psychiatry and neurobiology relied on increasingly sophisticated methods of studying the structure of the human brain.
Therefore, technology as well as human input has been instrumental in evolving research into the causes and treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to the development of specialized microscopes and other brain imaging technologies, researchers have also offered more reliable and valid means of assessing patient symptoms through different approaches like neurochemistry and behavioral science (McGraw-Hill, 2013). For example, during the 1980s, scientific research offered a greater understanding of the role of proteins in cellular degeneration, leading to the development of the first drug ever marketed to treat the symptoms of the disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Also during the 1980s, a genetic component to Alzheimer’s...
Brain imaging technologies have also revealed that the region of the brain most significantly impacted by the disease is the Hippocampus, but the disease then spreads from there (National Institute on Aging, 2018). While there is still no known cure for Alzheimer’s disease, research continues to evolve, permitting improved methods of treating early signs of Alzheimer’s disease like cognitive impairment and dementia.
Increased awareness of Alzheimer’s disease has also fostered greater funding into research and development of potential treatments. During the 1990s, President Reagan’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s disease helped to further increase awareness of the signs and symptoms (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). In 1999, a vaccine for Alzheimer’s was tested on mice with successful results (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Although the vaccine did not yield promising results in human populations, research like this offers hope that one day soon there will be a cure.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan technologies are helpful in early detection of Alzheimer’s. In 2004, scientists revealed that Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) attaches itself to the beta-amyloid deposits implicated in the tangled fibers in the brain. Therefore, physicians can use PIB and PET scans for early detection of the disease. In 2009, several other biomarkers were discovered in the cerebrospinal fluid (Alzheimer’s Association, 2018). Genetic research, research into the immune system response, research into…
At one point or another in our lives, we are all beginners. We begin college, a first job, a first love affair, and perhaps a first dissertation project. We bring a great deal to these new situations, including our temperament, previous education, and family situations. Yet, as adults, we also learn. In romantic relationships, couples report having to learn how to interact successfully with their partners. College students routinely report
Introduction and BackgroundIntroductionAlzheimer\\\'s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 80% of all dementia cases (Rayathala et al., 2022). While Alzheimer\\\'s disease affects both men and women, research has shown that women are disproportionately affected by the disease (Rabipour et al., 2021). Women have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer\\\'s disease than men,
Psychology Treatment For most of U.S. history up to the time of the Community Mental Health Act of 1963, the mentally ill were generally warehoused in state and local mental institutions on a long-term basis. Most had been involuntarily committed by orders from courts or physicians, and the discharge rate was very low. Before the 1950s and 1960s, there were few effective treatments for mental illnesses like depression, anxiety disorders and
The DSM explicitly "strives to be atheoretical, using merely observationally referent terms. The hope with this is to make the manual as acceptable as possible to professionals with different theoretical orientations (Gilles-Thomas 1989, Lecture 2). Specific criteria and systematic descriptions are offered as guidance for making diagnoses. "Essential features, associated features, prevalence rates, sex ratios, family patterns, and differential diagnoses are listed" and it is noted when "alternative or
classical conditioning by Pavlov and its current use in treating anxiety The paper focuses on the development of classical conditioning being used, as suggested by Pavlov, in treating anxiety through using fear-induced techniques. The paper talks about the past experiments that were done on animals and human, those who were suffering from anxiety and those who weren't, and highlights how anxiety is treated through fear induced conditioning. Combination of neutral stimulus
Alzheimer�s Disease in Women: ProspectusTable of ContentsIntroduction 3Background 3Relevance and Importance 4Practical Importance 4Empirical Importance 5Theoretical Importance 5Prior Research 5Problem Statement 6Purpose Statement 6Research Questions 6Hypotheses 6Research Method and Design 7Theoretical Framework 9References 13Annotated Bibliography 15IntroductionAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 80% of all dementia cases (Rayathala et al., 2022). While