Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Education, especially bilingual education and its evolution in the United States, has paved its way in every state with differences in approaches and choices of language being taught. A part of US schooling history is its rich history and practice of native language teaching and bilingual education. Ovando (2003), in his study, found that it was about two hundred years ago that American communities first started assembling large numbers of young children to educate them. Instruction typically took place in languages besides English, and in two or more languages (e.g., Dutch and German in Pennsylvania, German and Spanish in Texas, and the French language in Louisiana). The toleration and use of several languages for education and interaction suggest a wide linguistic pluralism ideology in this era (Ovando, 2003). Keeping in mind the variations and interactions of the different languages, one sees a rich and vibrant culture of bilingual education that seems unique to the United States.
One of the driving forces of this pluralistic ideology was the influx of migrants into the United States, most of whom had different demographics, came from different backgrounds and spoke different languages. This unique philosophy was manifested through public policy that facilitated teaching in native languages and bilingual education, multilingual theatrical productions, and newspaper printing and circulation in several languages. But, Ovando (2003) found that the aforementioned linguistic pluralism didn't imply equal acceptance of every language. Several Mexican, Asian, and Native American languages underwent systemic segregation and devaluation in this period. Over a hundred years ago, the concept of the English language as a mark of the national identity of America and its sole language cropped up in response to the huge inflow of migrants from European countries that didn't speak English. The growth of this linguistic ideology was accompanied by novel restrictive migration policies and compulsory free education in the nation. One of the key goals of these novel \"common\" American schools was: \"Americanization\" of students under a broader attempt at assimilating Eastern and Southern European migrants (Ovando, 2003). The development of this linguistic ideology become the cornerstone whereby all bilingual education tactics had to turn.
The ideology of having English as the native language became a barricade for the expanse of bilingual education. Ovando (2003) explains that resistance against the non-English- speaking Europeans and the move for \"Americanizing\" common schools formed part of an overriding, nationalistic \"English language only\" ideology which remained dominant in American mainstream society and educational system for the major part of the 20th century's former half. Despite this deterring, assimilationist atmosphere, several individuals still spoke their mother tongues...…cultivate dedication for reflective decision- making, in addition to taking individual, community, and societal action for promoting a democratic living and democracy. Wei (2013) found that opportunities to take individual action aid students in developing a sense of individual and community efficiency, belief in their capability of effecting changes within their respective institutions, and in situations for applying their acquired knowledge. Action projects and activities ought to be adapted to learners' ethical and cognitive levels of development. Action on the part of primary-level children may involve committing to not laugh at derogatory ethnic jokes. Action on the part of early to middle-grade students may include reading books on other cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. Students at the upper elementary level may cultivate friendships with students belonging to other ethnic and racial groups, in addition to taking part in cross-racial projects and activities with students attending other schools within their city. Lastly, upper- grade enrollees may engage in projects which offer comfort and support to special- needs community members. Further, they may take part in school board elections, local program elections, and other local political events (Wei, 2013). This personal growth experienced by students in bilingual education structures is also a testament to the awareness of various cultures and norms that the students innately learn and grow to respect.…
In terms of efficacy, Krashen addresses the position that bilingual education is not as effective as suggested by its proponents. The evidence presented by this position is however not sufficiently convincing to make a substantial case for immersion programs as being superior to bilingual curricula. Krashen admits that there are still a number of problems associated with bilingual education that need to be addressed. The largest of these is the accessibility
Cultural Impact: This prioritization of education may perhaps best be validated by the cultural impact levied by the Chinese immigrant an descendent populations of the United States. The Chinese cultural impact today is felt in the population's extremely high level of visibility in the worlds of small business ownership and corporate leadership. As the text by Golden Venture (2009) reports, "Chinese immigrants and Chinese-Americans have contributed much to the U.S. economy.
History Of Education in Kuwait Kuwait before the discovery of Oil Kuwait Pearl diving Situated in the North-East of Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia was a small Arab state, Kuwait. Citizens of this state led an underprivileged life, but not an unfortunate one. The state was an example that money is not a prerequisite to live a happy life. Although people were poor, they were satisfied with the little amount of money they
Perhaps, here, the most telling words seem to be "the more intelligent class," "the better class," and "those of their countrymen who come here with good intentions." Indeed, one has to wonder which groups of immigrants would not wish to be considered as representatives of these words. Certainly, if an avocation against bilingual education will allow them full membership into a class of people who are "intelligent," of "better class,"
Ianco-Worrell (1972), for example, found that children who are exposed to a bilingual environment from an early age are more skilled at learning new words and their meanings in their first language. Of course, there are other ways to help children increase their vocabulary in their first language. However, those other methods do not also bestow the many other benefits of bilingualism. And while there are additional costs to bilingual
Bilingual Education Methods: Pros and Cons Once upon a time, perhaps, the art of teaching was relatively strait-forward. Each teacher used their own style, or that which had been handed down to them by those they learned from. While certainly a certain degree of theory has always been involved in teaching (after all, the so-called Socratic method of teaching was debated centuries before the birth of Christ, and is still cropping