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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution refers to the wave of technological, economic, and social changes taking place during the nineteenth century. Although fueled by new technology, the industrial revolution had a tremendous effect on society. The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization, social class stratification, and the capitalist market economy.
One feature of the Industrial Revolution was the newfound ability to mass-produce goods. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, any machine that was used to aid manufacturing, such as a loom or the cotton gin, could only be used by a single individual producing one thing at a time (“Industrial Revolution,” n.d. 1). Such machines were unable to produce goods in large quantity in a short period of time. With the advent of large-scale machinery powered by technologies like coal, it was possible to bring products to market faster and cheaper.
Factories also expanded their labor forces to allow them to produce products faster and quicker. An increased demand for labor led to the mass migration of people from the rural areas to cities, a process known as urbanization (“Industrial Revolution,” n.d.). Urbanization created tremendous and lasting changes to the fabric of society. On the one hand, the process of urbanization helped improve the standard of living for some people who now had access to viable work. Women, who were once excluded from the labor force, were now working and therefore...
On the other hand, urbanization also led to the overcrowding of cities and to increased class conflicts.
The nineteenth-century Industrial Revolution created new economic, social, and political opportunities. Although characterized mainly by advancements in technology, the Industrial Revolution was more important in the effects it had on transforming the society.
Imperialism
Imperialism refers to the political and territorial expansion of powers by any means, including use of force. Generally the term is used in a derogatory way, to describe what “occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, and cultural life,” (“What is Imperialism?” n.d. ,p. 1). Imperialism and its counterpart, colonialism, were commonly practiced until the twentieth century but still occurs to a degree today.
One of the driving forces behind imperialism is the desire to access raw materials and human resources. If an imperial power, like Britain was for centuries, had sufficient wealth and manpower, it could send envoys to foreign lands. The imperial power would then use whatever means necessary to access the natural and human resources in those foreign lands, such as by forming strategic alliances or by using force.
The effects of imperialism can be devastating, including…
1 Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th and 19th centuries and is responsible for the moving of nations away from farming to industry and manufacturing. The Industrial Revolution introduced trains, more advanced shipping, steel production, communications systems, cars, planes, and military equipment, and construction. The skyscraper came into existence, people moved to urban areas away from the countryside. Wars broke out as nations fought over natural resources like
53). He points out that four countries (in 1917) -- England, France, Germany, and the United States -- own 80 per cent of the world's finance capital; thus, in his view, the whole rest of the world is subjugated, that is, indebted to and tributary to those four "international banker countries." Where once monopolists exported goods to other countries to make a profit, now they export finance capital. This is
Imperialism which is often considered to be a final stage of capitalism was a logical continuation of industrialization, development of trade and colonization. Global trade and goods exchange have united Europe, Africa, America and Asia into an integral organism. Imperial system as well as interaction between the major colonial super-powers guaranteed economical stability and peace. Colonies were perfect markets for the goods produced in metropolises and were used as emergency
He stated that France as a financial capital was richer than Germany and Japan combined. The rest of the section sees a return to the monopolies and their control over raw materials. Stating how the international monopolies controlled all the material necessary to manufacture and produce goods. He asserts that the monopolies created shortages in areas to keep the public from turning against colonization of other areas when in fact
In a democratic society, however, the responsibility for making governmental decisions is transferred to the citizenry and it is incumbent that the citizenry be provided with at least a rudimentary education so that they are in position to make such decisions. Although the original U.S. Constitution did not initially grant women the right to vote and otherwise participate in the government, women were afforded, on a limited basis, to
The professional manager held ultimate responsibility for construction, while the designer's authority with respect to the client receded. on-site work done by subcontractors was managed by large general contractors who provided the supervising engineers, and did not necessarily have to adhere to the designers places (Cuff 33). This change was a direct consequence of the arrangement of work in the Industrial Revolution, where specialisation was given new dimensions and