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The long-term income difference between those who obtain occupational degrees versus those who obtain more general or liberal arts degrees.It is a general understanding that education provides individuals with a number of labor market benefits besides increased income. More educated persons tend to be autonomous, more mobile and flexible, enjoy higher job security, and experience higher levels of employment (Lee, 2014). However, income usually receives the highest attention, even though it may not capture all these advantages of employment. As much as all graduates experience these effects of education, this experience is never uniform. Huge differences do exist when it comes to the income and status of occupation of graduates. There have been many investigations trying to find out what brings these variations and one factor that has featured significantly is fields of study. There are different groupings of fields but generally an individual obtains either an occupational specific degree or a more general or liberal arts degree. The fact that individuals in these different fields have a variation in income is not in contention, what is a subject of discussion is who earns higher and who records higher growth rate in the industry. The general expectation is that the occupational specific degrees, such as engineering, economics and health-related fields, would attract higher earnings as opposed to the liberal arts...
The fields of study not only affect income but also have an influence on unemployment risks and occupational status (Lee, 2014).
In order to conclusively find out which fields yield higher income, especially in the long run, a number of studies have been carried out. One such study was done by Roksa and Levey (2010) and it showed that there is a clear distinction of entry points into the labor market as well as in the occupational trajectories taken in the long run. Graduates with occupational specific degrees tend to have higher incomes when they enter the labor market, on the other hand graduates whose degrees are less specific occupationally have lower incomes at the point of entry into the labor market. There is also an indication that the graduates with high occupational specificity enter the labor market at a higher occupational status as compared to their colleagues with low occupational specificity. However, this advantage enjoyed by the occupational specific graduates does not last over time since occupational specific graduates register the lowest occupational status growth in the long run. The liberal arts graduates are disadvantaged at the entry point but enjoy high occupational status growth in the industry. The long-term effect of this is that the liberal arts graduates will end up closing the income as well as occupational status gap between them and the occupational specific…
Both the liberal democratic and the business rationale need to be clearly articulated in a coherent communications strategy. 5) Statistical data. Detailed statistical data is needed to pinpoint which groups require positive action and to evaluate the impact of programs that incorporate targets or timetables for such groups in quantitative terms. 6) Contract compliance. The experience from the U.S.A. (and to a lesser extent Canada) suggests that contract compliance is an
Boys and Girls Clubs of America as a Resource to Aid in the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Boys and Girls Clubs of America This research describes the tremendous need for nonprofit human services organizations by youth who: use drugs, commit crimes or are victims of crime, drop out of high school, and become pregnant at an early age. There are a variety of nonprofit organizations such as Boys and Girls Clubs
gender roles in the workplace pre-exist much of what we think defines what work really is; not only do they pre-exist the modern working world of offices and factories, but they also seems older than more basic things, like writing and currency. From the world of the Tasaday tribe in the Philippines to that of such fields as genetic engineering and astrophysics, men and women are compelled to function
Shrinking Middle-Class America" a variety reference materials (15-20) books, articles, journals, an internet sources long information cited proven-based gathered survey research data relation topic (The Shrinking Middle-Class America). The shrinking middle-class in America The societies across the globe continue to face challenges, which impact global evolution. Within the United States, a notable social concern is represented by the shrinking of the middle class, a phenomenon that has accelerated throughout the past
Human Resources Managing Organisational Culture The values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization make up the organizations culture. Organizational culture is the summation total of an organization's past and current suppositions, incidents, viewpoint, and values that hold it together, and is articulated in its self-image, inner workings, connections with the outside world, and future prospects. In dealing with the management of organisational culture, it is
Such relationships in childhood begin with the parents, and for Asher, these early relationships are also significant later, as might be expected. However, as Potok shows in this novel, for someone like Asher, the importance of childhood bonds and of later intimate bonds are themselves stressed by cultural conflicts between the Hasidic community in its isolation and the larger American society surrounding it. For Asher, the conflict is between the