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.....theoretical perspectives to understand human development is stage theories, which postulate that human development takes place in different stages and change throughout the life span (Lerner et al., 2013, p.466). Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is an example of a theory under this perspective, which state that there are eight stages of psychosocial development that are biologically developed to manifest in a pre-determined, sequential way. Through this theory, Erikson effectively demonstrates that lifelong development involves integration of internal forces and external situations that influence development of ego.Borzumato-Gainey et al. (2009) conducted a study on life satisfaction, self-esteem and subjective age throughout the life span of women (p.29). The study was conducted on a group of 320 women between 21 and 69 years to examine factors that affect women's life satisfaction, self-esteem, and views of appearance. A demographic questionnaire and three paper-and-pencil assessment instruments were utilized for data collection, which was analyzed statistically. The study showed that external circumstances affect psychosocial development since women's well-being is affected by relationship status, life satisfaction, and perceptions regarding aging. Despite these findings, the study is limited on the basis that its conclusions cannot be generalized beyond the study population because of the demographic balance of its sample.
Week 2 Discussion
There are several issues that may influence long- and short-term physical, cognitive or psychosocial development in a child including prenatal development issues. The impact of prenatal development issues like antenatal stress has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Talge, Neal & Glover (2007) found that antenatal maternal stress has long-term effects on the neurodevelopment of a child since they increase vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders (p.245). O'Donnell, O'Connor & Glover (2009) found that prenatal stressors like partner relationship issues, anxiety, and natural disasters enhances the likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive development issues, and behavioral issues (p.285). In an earlier study, Dipietro (2004) found that prenatal maternal stress has negative effects on long-term motor development, learning, and behavior of an infant (71). Based on existing literature, prenatal development issues, particularly stress and anxiety, affect the long- and short-term physical, cognitive or psychosocial development of an infant. The findings in these studies support the long-held belief across the globe that a woman's psychological well-being has considerable impacts on an infant.
Week 3 - Discussion 1
Technology has positive and negative impacts on human development across different age groups including children and adolescents. For children, the positive impacts of technology include improved social development through better collaboration and interactions with their peers, development of multiculturalism, and better family relationships and adult-child interaction (Hsin, Li & Tsai, 2014). In addition, technology helps in learning...
However, the negative effects of technology on human development during childhood include health related issues because of less physical activity, behavioral problems, and changing social norms. Hatch (2011) conducted a study to examine the effects of technology on children in relation to physical, cognitive or psychosocial development. This study found that technology has positive impacts on a child's cognitive development, particularly in relation to learning. In addition to providing educational products on learning, technology enhances a child's cognitive development through enhancing visual reasoning. This visual reasoning contributes to improved learning through stimulating a child's emotional, social, and visual abilities (Hatch, 2011).
Week 3 -- Discussion 2
The government has always attempted to deal with behaviors that are regarded detrimental to health such as smoking through enacting public policy to regulate behaviors. These initiatives have helped in dealing with such behaviors through generating desired behavior change and effectively regulating private behavior. While public policy measures have been relatively effective in this regard, more effective measures/policies are still needed to regulate potential harmful behavior. One of the issues that have attracted significant public policy initiatives in the recent past is second hand smoking. For instance, recent studies have indicated that parental smoking has negative effects on children and adolescent. Pattenden et al. (2006) found that parental smoking affects children's respiratory health (p.294). Similarly, Moshammer et al. (2006) found that parental smoking generates respiratory problems among children and contribute to reduced lung function growth.
Public policies have been developed and enacted to help deal with parental smoking given its effect on children. The main public policy to address this issue is tobacco control policies to regulate smoking behavior. Despite being beneficial in dealing with the problem, additional policies should be enacted such as Strict Smoke-free home policies for smoking parents in pediatric environments (Ossip, 2013, p.517). Given the health effects of parental smoking on children, public policy is necessary in this area and ethical. Based on the ethical principle of utilitarianism, public policies should be enacted to help protect the health of children while ensuring parents maintain their right to smoke i.e. the greater good for all. Policies in this area enhance the physical, cognitive and psychosocial development of affected children through safeguarding their health and well-being. The efficacy of public policy in comparison to self-enforced restrictions is determined on the basis of the extent of enforcement and the subsequent outcomes with regards to enhancing the health and well-being of affected individuals.
Week 4 -- Discussion
An aspect of Mila's life that needs change is her seeming inability to fit in because of struggles to develop her own…
Developmental Psychology Body Image, Body Health, and Pathology Eating disorders and anorexia are becoming more commonplace today, and this is true particularly of young women, although older people and men sometimes also suffer from them. It is important to look at this issue as it relates to body image and how one feels about one's body, but also important to see it in the light of the way that one trust's oneself
Developmental Psychology Erickson's stages of psychological development as cited in Crain (2011) have garnered much scholarly discourse as they outline the many phases individuals go through as they mature from birth to old age. In Erickson's view, there are eight stages to development and his theory maintains that a person moves through these stages as a part of negotiating between the sociocultural and biological forces every individual must contend with (Allen
Developmental Psychology If a parent approaches child rearing with the idea of Nativism in their mind, they might not bother to expose their children to many things early on. That is because Nativists believe a child is already hardwired with abilities, so, if the child ends up being good at music, it is because the child was born good at music, not because the child was exposed to music as a
, 2002). It is now widely believed that vulnerability to bad behavior is conditional and depends on genetic susceptibility (Kendler, 2001; Rutter & Silberg 2001; in Caspi et al., 2002). This theory was tested by Caspi et al. (2001) when they attempted to predict antisocial behavior among more than 1000 male maltreated children by genotyping their polymorphism at the MAOA gene. Their findings provided epidemiological evidence that high MAOA expression moderates
Lincoln believed that African-Americans were vested with the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This position cost him the election. It must be noted that Lincoln was undoubtedly not the only person at that time to be opposed to slavery. However, in political circles, the debate was often over property rights and popular sovereignty, rather than any discussion of morality. Recall Maslow's belief that self-actualized people have
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYDevelopmental Psychology: Lifespan and Individual DifferencesThe levels of proximity, love, and care experienced during infancy years have been proposed to show positive behaviors such as high self-esteem in adulthood. The degree of attachment is strongly rooted in the source of security during the na�ve years of a child\\\'s life, who shows several degrees of attachment corresponding to the level of attachment he gains from his caregivers. This paper