Learning Culture and Memory

Memory
A learning culture is an organizational practice, system and values that encourage and support individuals and organizations to increase performance levels, competence and knowledge. It promotes continuous support and improvement for an achievement of goals. Adjustment of current strategies can be done by adjusting to a trend, business model, capital model, launch strategy and making a great plan.
There are several ethical principles and professional standards of learning and cognition in the workplace. Some of them are; encouraging contact between faculty and student, developing cooperation between students, encouraging active learning and respecting adverse talents and learning techniques. Some implications that should be considered when working with others are; demonstrating respect at work, providing feedback with an impact, showing appreciation and overcoming fear of conflict.
WEEK 3 DISCUSSION
Memory Suppression in Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s diseases is chronic degenerative disease of the neurons. It causes about 60-70% of dementia cases. The common early symptom is memory loss. An important memory challenge is the competition between inappropriate and appropriate information during the retrieval process. Controlled inhibitory processes normally helps in reduction of this competition by suppressing irrelevant memories. In Alzheimer’s disease, compromise of suppression results in a strong completion between irrelevant and relevant memories. Highlights of this issue are done through current reviews by studies’ examinations using the directed forgetting method in Alzheimer’s disease (El Haj, 2016).
The method in which people are given instructions to forget the irrelevant information is recommended for reflection of memory suppression. Studies that are directed towards the forgetting method suggest that the participants usually experience hard times when asked to suppress irrelevant information in destination, source, working and autobiographical memory (El Haj, 2016). Difficulties in irrelevant information suppression, as observed in Alzheimer’s disease, may cause retrieval of memory through activation of irrelevant memories at the expense of the ones that are relevant.
Ethics refers to the rules of conduct necessary during research work. A moral responsibility should be there to protect the participants from any harm. Despite how important the issue being investigates by psychologists might be, they still have a duty to respect the dignity and rights of participants of the research. This is an indication that they must abide by specific rules of conduct and moral principle (El Haj, 2016). Issues related to morals in rare occasions yield a right, wrong, unambiguous or simple answer. Therefore, it is usually a matter of judgment whether the research is justified or not. For instance, judgment can be made to see if the study causes any psychological or physical harm to the research participants. The participants have a right not to suffer any pain or even come to serious harm.
There are several principles of ethics that should be taken into account when doing a dissertation research. These ethical issues need to be beneficence and non-malfeasance. A researcher must obtain informed consent from the participants, give the participants the right to withdraw from the research work, minimize the risk of causing harm to the participants, avoid using deceptive practices and protect the participants’ confidentiality and anonymity. However, there are instances where it is not desirable to get an informed consent from the participants. There are a times too when the researcher has to get permission from the participants not to protect their anonymity and confidentiality. In such occasion, the choices made should be reflection of the research strategy adopted to give dissertation guidance (El Haj, 2016).
WEEK 4 DISCUSSION
Relations between Inductive Reasoning and Deductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning involves reasoning in which support is provided to the conclusion by the premises. The conclusion id the probable or hypothesis – which means that it is part of inductive reasoning trying to prove. It is also called cause and effect reasoning. Deductive reasoning is reasoning where valid and true conclusion are developed by true premises. The conclusion must be true if the premises are true. General principles are used for creation of a specific conclusion (Heit, et al., 2010).
One of the most important questions that rises in research reasoning is the relationship between inductive and deductive reasoning. In an effort to addressing this question, concepts and methods were applied from memory research. Two experiments were used to examine the effects of premise-conclusion and logical validity similarity on arguments evaluation. In experiment 1, two dissociations were shown (Heit, et al., 2010). For a common arguments set, deduction judgments were affected by validity more and induction judgments were affected by similarity. In experiment two, fast deduction judgments were shown in terms of being influenced by similarity more and less influenced by validity. This was compared with deduction judgments that are slow.
The problem is that one of the inmates wants to commit suicide. However, the inmate who reports the issue doesn’t want to either call names or provide any further information regarding the reported issue. The alternatives to be explored in this case will be to keep the informer involved. Brainstorming for solutions to the suicide issue is another important step. Brainstorming is simply collection ideas and then screening them to find the ideas out of it. I will convince the reporter to give more information as the life of their fellow inmate will be at stake. Promising protection of confidentiality might also make the reporter confide in me more. However, when collecting the ideas from the reporter, I will try not to pass any judgment on the ideas being given. I will only listen carefully as I write them down (Heit, et al., 2010).
The consequences of this approach would be having to call out the reporter as a possible witness. However, this will expose him and not protect him hence put his life at risk. Some of the ethical considerations to protect the reporter would be; confidentiality, informed consent, anonymity, reducing risk of harm and providing the right to withdraw. Bias can be reduced in the decision making process through; obtaining a clear criteria in decision-making, holding decision-makers accountable, surveying employees’ confidentiality, rewarding employees and being transparent (Heit, et al., 2010). I would make a decision of finding the inmate who wants to commit suicide. I would then inquire from him why he wants to do it. I’ll weigh all his reasons and try to help solve some of the issues he is facing. If he is facing bullying from his other inmates, I’ll request for his transfer. If its problems related to his family, I’ll call his family to come and try talking to him. I’ll make it clear to him that suicide isn’t the only solution to solving problems.
WEEK 5 DISCUSSION (1)
Linguistic variation and micro-cues in first language acquisition
In behaviorist perspective, language acquisition is based on reinforcements, responses and stimuli received from the environment. There is a determination of whether a behavior will be repeated based on the received reinforcement. Imitative speech occurs when an infant tries to tell the exact sounds made by an adult. Excited and positive feedback would encourage a child’s willingness to attempt language (Ashford University Library).
Language is a skill which allows people to communicate. Delays in language skill and miscommunication causes frustration for a child about what they might be trying to communicate. Language development is necessary for adequate exchange of information in a meaningful manner. Language acquisition is defined by researchers into two categories; first-language and second-language acquisition. First language acquisition is a universal one regardless of the home language (Ashford University Library). It involves babies listening to what is around them and start imitating them. Second language acquisition is a process where an individual learns new vocabularies, writing systems, grammatical structures and phonological components of language.
The role of written and spoken communication in children’s lives suggests that the individual differences in the skills in terms of psychological competence, entails both risks and benefits. A strong relationship between spoken language, behavior development and reading is supported by literature. People with limitations in the phonological processing are at a high risk of having decoding problems which later leads to reading comprehension problems. Those with listening comprehension problems, even if they can decode words, have a risk of developing reading comprehension problems. Therefore, language development can affect the success of a student. Based on the resources and my current knowledge, I believe I could develop areas of language acquisition, personally, that would be beneficial to me, my loved ones and friends (Ashford University Library).
WEEK 5 DISCUSSION (2)
The unfamiliar vocabulary to me or might be to my peers that was used is conservative learning. From this week’s content and research, some of the words used in the context of learning and cognition are acquisition, encoding, anomia, aphasia and coding. Acquisition is the process of developing language competence. Encoding refers the process of how things are placed into someone’s memory. Anomia is difficulty in object naming. Aphasia refers to impaired language abilities due to damage of the brain. Coding is the process in which a search is done for linguistic expression for denotation of a concept.
Linguistic Variation and Micro-Cues in First Language Acquisition
Children are usually exposed to variations in the input. They are typically found to make omission errors – conservative learning. Such findings are accounted for by micro-cues model, which is a generative approach to language acquisition. The micro-cues results from input parsing where the children are provided with the ability, features and principles for parsing. This is considered part of the knowledge of specific language. This model also considers children’s errors as due to the process of language acquisition and economy (Ashford University Library).
The ability to read, write and communicate affect the development of behaviors, knowledge and actions effectively in many ways. How a person is taught as they grow determines their behaviors and life actions. An example of a personal real-life occurrence that indicates consequences of not well developed language acquisition is motivation. A child who is not motivated to learn will be forced to get into language acquisition unwillingly (Ashford University Library). The professional standards in the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct requires one to willingly learn and not to be forced into anything they are not interested in doing. Therefore, the language acquisition should be well-developed to prevent negative consequences.
WEEK 6 DISCUSSION
Improving Organizational Learning through Leadership Training
Training of managers at workplaces can help improve organizational learning. Managers play an important role in opportunity provision to learning of employees. Scholars have called for research interventions of leadership development on organizational learning. However, no such research is available. A training program done consisted of practical and theoretical elements purposed to improving leadership behavior. The study was measured with organizational learning questionnaires. The findings of the comparison between pre- and post-intervention assessments showed employees’ empowerment improved significantly as a result of the training program. The training intervention had positive effects on employees’ and mangers perception on aspects of organizational learning (Ashford University Library).
Conclusion
There are two types of training and education that I have received; orientation and onboarding trainings. Orientation is a one-time event that welcomes and introduces new employees to the company within the first week of the job. Onboarding trainings begins on day one of employment as it carries on throughout the first year of employment. It is prepared by department leaders with an aim of reaching the departmental goals and connecting them to the company’s objectives. The topics addressed employee needs so they can do their jobs efficiently and maximize their engagement.
Education is never an ending process and learning is limitless. Before, I could waste a lot of time settling before I could begin studying. Nowadays, with the newly learnt method of managing time using a timetable, I have been able to maximize my time usage. My life experiences have affected my learning in both positive and negative ways. Learning how I used to waste a lot of time has enabled me improve a lot on my learning hence my success. Events in my life have influenced my beliefs and how I assert myself in the learning process. I see myself as a life-long learner by always asking questions, setting learning goals for myself, practicing until I become perfect at what I do, changing the idea of what it means by learning and setting the mindset for growth.













References
Ashford University Library
El Haj, M. (2016). Memory suppression in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurological sciences, 37(3), 337-343.
Heit, E., & Rotello, C. M. (2010). Relations between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 805.