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Thesis statement: Internet technologies enable the proliferation of fake news, and only education and awareness can curtail the influence fake news has on society.A. Claim: Prior exposure to a fake news story makes a person more likely to believe in the veracity of the information.
1. Evidence: Just a one-time exposure to a fake news item on a social media platform like Facebook increases the likelihood that a person will believe the fake news story, with the effects lasting as long as a week (Pennycook, Cannon, & Rand, 2017).
2. Evidence: The prior exposure phenomenon is a type of confirmation bias, whereby “ We pick out those bits of data that make us feel good because they confirm our prejudices,” (Heshmat, 2015, p. 1).
B. Claim: Mob mentality is at work with fake news, as research shows a viral post is more likely to be perceived as trustworthy even when it is fake.
1. Evidence: Becker (2016) notes that the proliferation of fake news is akin to a mob mentality, whereby people believe what they read simply because it is popular.
2. Evidence: A viral post on social media is more likely to be perceived of as true than one that can be fact-checked (Papanastasiou, 2017).
C. Claim: Free speech...
Evidence: Librarians are at the forefront of media literacy, and can help stop fake news (Becker, 2016).
2. Evidence: Aggressive and systematic tagging of fake news is essential because anything that is not tagged as “fake” will be perceived of as real (Pennycook & Rand, 2017).
D. Claim: Technological tools can help prevent fake news from proliferating, even though it is technological tools that cause fake news to be so easily propagated.
1. Evidence: There are ways of “curbing social bots,” (Shao, Ciampaglia, Varol, et al, 2017, p. 1).
2. Evidence: Using technology would be “an effective strategy for mitigating the spread of online misinformation,” (Shao, Ciampaglia, Varol, et al, 2017, p. 1).
3. Evidence: To overcome the problems with algorithms, it is also important to target audiences and bots that are geared towards vulnerable populations like “Trump supporters and young adults,” (Pennycook & Rand, 2017, p. 1)
E. Claim: Educators, news agencies, and other leaders need to take responsibility for their role…
Fake News Detection Introduction How can fake news be detected and prevented from dominating the online discourse of news events? Numerous researchers have been discussing this issue and identifying ways to detect fake news, whether on social media (Shu et al.) or by creating a benchmark dataset to facilitate the process (Wang). The topic of this study is fake news detection and what methods are available in this new field. The reason
i.e. modifying the domain name system. 7. DNS-Based Phishing ("Pharming"): This offense is based on interference in the domain name searching process by modifying the domain name resolution sending the user to a different IP address. 8. Content-Injection Phishing: The phisher introduces fraudulent content into a legitimate website. 9. Data Theft: Malicious code that collects sensitive information stored within the machines in which it is installed. 10. Man-in-the-Middle Phishing: The phisher takes a
However, an ADHD diagnose is particularly harmful because it prevents parents from looking for other solutions to the situation. The shock they experience when hearing the news makes them less determined to hear other diagnostics, given that they consider it futile and extremely difficult for them to try to consult other doctors. People were not previously aware of ADHD and as a consequence had no other choice but to
This law was designed to punish the supplier, not attack the unsuspecting victim of the crime. However, the size of this seizure of merchandise is evidence that these measures simply do not work. Despite existing laws, consumer demand for these products remains high. The ultimate solution to the counterfeit and fakes problem is to convince people to stop buying them. This seems to be a reasonable approach, but the volumes
Religion is "a tremendous gruesome shadow," (Nietzsche 167). Christianity, and all institutionalized religions like it, has no real truth to it. Therefore, the masses dilute the meaningless of their lives with lies. The thinkers of the world are responsible for the death of God in the idea that they no longer believe in Him. Yet, there is a multitude of others who still blindly follow in His shadow. It
Managing Communication IssuesExternal environments present a unique challenge for communicators. In order to be effective, they must take into account the needs and expectations of their audience, as well as the surrounding context. Additionally, they must be able to navigate the complex relationships between different stakeholders. The media is a particularly challenging environment, due to its fast-paced and competitive nature. The public also presents its own set of challenges, with