Civil War
Essays

The American Labor Movement – The Labor Question, Racism, Sexism & Xenophobia The "labor question" is the foundation of the American Labor Movement. Concerned with the ideal of an industrial democracy, including a more equitable society with social and financial betterment of working class people, the "labor question" arose during and in response to America's 19th Century (Second) Industrial Revolution. The American Industrial Revolution transformed America from an agrarian society to an industrialized society and feasted on child labor, convict labor and work schedules of 10 – 16 hour per day, six days per week, for wages of approximately $1.00 per day. At that time, "the richest 1 percent owned 26 percent of the wealth, and the richest 10 percent owned 72 percent." This widely disproportionate division of wealth and power between affluent capitalists and their industrial workers was rightfully considered by the workers to be unjustifiable in America's democratic society. The struggle for industrial democracy resulted in many material gains. The "labor question" is still vital in American society because the central problems of the labor question remain central. While the "labor question(s)" focused on the ideals of democracy and financial/social equality, the proponents did not mean that those ideals were for everyone. Racism, sexism and xenophobia – "hatred or fear of foreigners or strangers or of their politics or culture" - certainly played a role in the history of the American Labor Movement. Unions tended to be the bastion of the working-class white American male and the American Federation of Labor, founded in 1886, was often overtly racist and anti-communist. Scholars suggest some methods of overcoming racism, sexism and xenophobia in order to make unions truly democratic and to help unions regain their power and relevance in modern America and the global economy.

Slavery in America Introduction – The Beginning of Slavery The first year that African slaves were brought to Colonial America was reported to be 1619 (Vox, 2012). The ship that docked at Point Comfort, in Jamestown Virginia, was owned by the Dutch. The Dutch crew was said to be starving and they wanted to make a trade with the colonists – slaves for food, Vox explains in The New York Times-owned publications About.com. There were a reported twenty slaves on board, and this was verified by a letter from Dutch crewmember John Rolfe to the treasurer of the Virginia Company, Edwin Sandys. It is possible that African slaves actually arrived prior to 1619 – perhaps in the northern colonies – but Vox explains that the only "hard evidence" available as to the presence of slaves came from Rolfe's letter. The British were involved in the slave trade at that time but Vox writes that they were "reluctant to institute slavery in their new American colonies." Historian Betty Wood reports that by 1625, there were just 23 Africans in the Virginia colony, and thirty-five years later that number rose to 950, which was approximately four percent of the entire population of Virginia (Vox).

Spanish films express societal customs and are mediums for infinite creative expression of several events in Spain's past history. In the history of film, Spain has seen the advent of several film makers who have produced works of universal quality and distinctive character. In addition, these films portray Spain's landscapes, cultures and people; a crucial element in understanding the Spanish history. Therefore, this paper highlights three films depicting the evolution of image identity is Spanish films after the Francoist era.

This work examines how medical care was influenced and changed during the Civil War as well as during the Crimean and Italian Unification Wars immediately preceding the Civil War. that immediately preceded the US Civil War. Toward this end this work examines the literature in this area of inquiry and reports findings.

The Dominican Republic was a nation bound by the Haitian government before rebelling and becoming an independent nation. During this time of political upheaval and social uprising, various men stood forth as the leaders…

The "Irish Question" was the growing discontent in Ireland and the continuing calls for Irish independence from Great Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A majority of Irish people, who resented British…

Before history began, humankind was already using alcohol for medicinal and recreational purposes. Today, more people consume alcohol than every before, but the attempt to outlaw this practice in the Unites States in…

¶ … United States operates as an indirect or representative democracy meaning that a select group is elected by the whole to serve as representatives while attending to public matters.

W.E.B. DuBois was an American Negro intellectual, writer, educator and social activist. He was born in 1868 and lived until 1963. Chapter Five in his collection of essays titled, The Souls of Black Folk, is an essay…

¶ … history of bowling, and talk about and describe an alternate form of bowling called "Candlepin." Bowling is one of the most popular sports in America today, but its' origins lie far back in time, and it has changed…