Knowledge and Learning and Teaching a Second
Researchers have divided the skills necessary for the acquisition of second language comprehension, particularly in the reading area, into two general theories: bottom-up, text-based, psycholinguistic approaches or…
Research Paper
Undergraduate
Healthcare Application Meditation Aside From a Willingness
Aside from a willingness to place one's faith in the unproven, those who adhere to the ancient spiritual beliefs of Buddhism and Hinduism share one fundamental practice with patients who have adopted the increasingly prevalent practice of holistic healing: the use of meditation to improve clarity, concentration, and quality of life. Meditation is based on intense personal introspection, wherein an individual typically sits in solitude and silence, focusing their mind completely on a particular reflective topic, or simply concentrating deeply on the vexing concepts of being and nothingness. The process of meditation occurs in many forms throughout the world's major philosophical models, with Christians and Muslims joining their fellow worshippers in the Eastern religions by using the meditative act of prayer to delve within their mind's inner sanctum. Today, even secular individuals with no connection to a recognized religious following employ meditation as part of their fitness routine, or to relieve stress in the workplace or domestically.
Helplessness and Depression the Concept of Learned
Learned helplessness has been associated with mental disabilities for years, specifically depression. Decades of research on the topic of learned helplessness, which was discovered accidentally by American psychologist Martin Seligman, has led to the belief that it is caused by aversive stimuli which is a negative stimulus to which an organism will learn to make a response that avoids it. The current paper discusses the research on leanred helplessness and depression.