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Constitutional
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What is Constitutional?

Constitutional topics sit at the intersection of law, political theory, and civic life, making them central to courses in political science, pre-law studies, criminal justice, and American government. The Constitution functions as the supreme legal framework of the United States, and essays on this subject explore how its provisions shape individual rights, government authority, and court decisions. Because constitutional questions touch everything from criminal procedure to civil liberties, they attract sustained academic attention across multiple disciplines and remain relevant as courts continuously reinterpret foundational principles.

The papers archived here reflect a wide range of approaches. Some focus on specific rights and legal doctrines, such as the constitutional right of privacy or Second Amendment debates around gun control. Others use case-based analysis, examining landmark decisions like Loving v. Virginia to trace how courts have addressed racial discrimination. Additional papers take a policy or applied angle, looking at how Supreme Court rulings influence criminal justice processes, or how civil rights protections under frameworks like Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 intersect with constitutional guarantees. Topics involving Native American civil rights and school prayer illustrate how constitutional interpretation extends into complex social and ethical territory.

A strong essay on a constitutional topic requires a clearly scoped thesis that takes a position on a specific legal question rather than summarizing the Constitution broadly. Evidence drawn from court decisions, legal precedent, and statutory text carries the most weight in this field. The most common pitfall is conflating constitutional law with general ethics or policy preference — arguments must be grounded in legal reasoning and connected directly to constitutional text or established judicial interpretation.

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Paper Doctorate
The European Court of Justice and fundamental rights protection
This essay explores the development of EU fundamental rights jurisprudence. In particular, it examines the role of the Stauder, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, and Nold decisions handed down by the European Court of Justice. The essay also examines how a court with no express or explicit constitutional authority can make binding decisions on member states who may have radically different constitutional understanding of fundamental rights.
Paper Undergraduate
The abortion debate: pro-life, pro-choice, and feminist perspectives
This paper looks at the abortion debate as the structure of a real debate. Positions on both sides of the debate are given and then pro and con statements are made which shows why people fall on one side or the other. The first side is that or the religious and the other side is that of feminists and those who agree that it is not a religious issue but a woman's issue.
Research Paper Doctorate
Capital punishment as a deterrent to homicide and violent crime
Capital punishment: Is it a deterrent to Cop Killings?
Essay Doctorate
The New Culture movement and May Fourth Movement in modern Chinese history
As suggested by the terminology, the New Culture movement refers to the attempt to rise against traditional Chinese culture. The movement was initiated by various Chinese intellectual circles around 1916 and was related to the perception that Confucian tradition contributed to the country's stagnation and national weakness and inhibited the development of China.
Research Paper Undergraduate
What the United States can learn from Spain's health care system
U.S. health care reform is a topic of considerable debate. Many agree that something needs to be done to overhaul a broken system, but they fail to agree as to what needs to be done. This research explores the systems in the U.S. and in Spain in an attempt to recommend effective changes to the U.S. health care system.
Paper Doctorate
Should Australia implement a bill of rights
Australia must implement the bill of rights since the existing system is ill-equipped to meet the needs and demands of a modern democratic society
Paper Doctorate
The murder trial of Nicholas Lindsey: juvenile justice and adult prosecution
On the evening of February 21, 2011, Police Officer David Crawford of the St. Petersburg, Florida police department was fatally shot while investigating a report of a suspicious person or prowler in a residential neighborhood. After a 24-hour search expedition, police arrested and booked 16-year-old Nicolas Lindsey on charges of first-degree murder. Lindsey confessed to the killing in a taped statement to police shortly thereafter. Lindsey was arraigned in court the next day, and the judge ordered that he be held in custody without bail. A grand jury which convened the following week indicted Lindsey on first-degree murder of a police officer, whereupon the state Attorney General charged Lindsey as an adult based on the seriousness of the offense and that he was over age 14. Jury selection began on March 19, 2012 and the jury heard evidence for only three days, returning a verdict of guilty on March 23, 2012. However, after just three days of hearing evidence on March 23, 2012, the jury returned a verdict of guilty and Lindsey was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole (commonly referred to as LWOP).
Paper Doctorate
The case for tort reform: small business liability and frivolous litigation
There is no doubt that America is a litigious society. It is a right built into the U.S. Constitutional that citizens can bring litigation against a person or entity when real (or imagined) harm has been done.
Paper Doctorate
Nicholas Lindsay's murder trial and constitutional due process violations
This paper is a response to my experience watching the murder trial for Nicholas Lindsay. It contains some of my observations regarding the trial date, the evidence rulings that might have affected the jury's determination. There is also a discussion of the defense team's legal strategy, especially regarding the issue of premeditated design.
Paper Masters
Social Security's constitutional validity within American federalism
This essay clearly identifies a specific federal policy (the policy must raise issues of federalism because it requires national, state, and local interaction and invites tension across different levels of government), and summarizes the elements of the policy, including the problem it is supposed to solve or improve. Summarizes the history of the policy and how it relates to federalism.