Allouche, J. (2010). The Sustainability and Resilience
Allouche, J. (2010). The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade.
Dimensions of Social Inequality Race, Class, Sex,
Abstract
The social inequality dimensions of class, sex, marriage, same-sex marriage, and gender exist from set and identifiable criteria of social scientists. These dimensions are used by social scholars to assess and evaluate the level of social inequality in any community. In the process, social scientists have emphasized these dimensions as interdependent and the definition of social boundaries, making them acceptable as borders of social relevance. For this reason, dimensions like gender and sex inequalities exist from the social relevance created by history, tradition, culture, and religion. This research finds that the definition of social inequality in terms of gender, class, race, sex, and marriage is complex since these dimensions are complex. Complexity arises from their correlation, differences in perspectives, and perspective of individuals and society on social inequality.
Organizational structure and its critical implications
Introduction
As with structure, culture is methodologically analyzable by virtue of its emergent status. Indeed, like structure, culture has relational, causal properties of its own, which confront actualizing agency in the form of situational logics (Archer 2006: ch. 7). Cultural analysis is also a multi-level affair, from the doctrinal level, where, for instance, religious doctrine may contradict welfare policy, down to the micro-level. Just as any role within an organization can have contradictory requirements, so can cultural values. However, the problem currently vitiating the literature on ‘organizational culture' is precisely how one can examine the relative interplay between society's ‘prepositional register' and agency when culture is reduced to, or defined solely in terms of, what goes on at the level of causality. The realist assertion that culture as an emergent product has properties of its own is thrown out of the analytical window; or, following Archer, the S-C level is conflated with the CS level.