Industrial Relations
Essays

A brief introduction to motivation and motivational theories is made. The paper investigates the different motivational theories that a company can use to ensure that its employees are always motivated and they perform their work. Different groups of employees are analyzed and the motivation theories that can be applied to them are stated and explained in detail.

The reforms that the Chinese government introduced in the last couple of decades or so has brought about a tremendous change in the Chinese economy, to the extent that a major reduction of poverty and a quick increase…

The role of Socio-Technical Systems Theory (STS) continues to be a galvanizing factor in the planning, development, implementation and continual fine-tuning of enterprise systems worldwide. Pursuing cost reductions through the use of manufacturing economies of scale and advanced lean process management techniques within organizations is paradoxically leading them into even greater conflicts internally how to attain balance of their STS-based initiatives (Kim, Kaplan, 2006). STS-based initiatives based on transformational leadership within the best-performing companies have shown potential to overcome the over-reliance on technical subsystems that by using technologies to make social systems more accurate, accelerated and trust-based (Amrit, Van Hillegersberg, 2010). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how enterprise software platforms including Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) over time dictate the culture of an organization based on the information flows supported or not (Das, Jayaram, 2007). This is why many manufacturing companies fail to stay in step with the needs of their customers, as they continually are struggling to make their own internal systems reflect external reality. For the manufacturers who can manage this transition, they are able to survive in turbulent industries. STS-based frameworks are invaluable in defining why certain companies in general and manufacturers specifically are able to regain agility and stay focused on market dynamics while others wither and eventually exist markets and eventually go out of business. The premise of companies who are able to manage uncertainty and turbulence is that they have used STS-based concepts to balance their social and technical subsystems without overcompensating on either. An ancillary finding from completing this analysis is that the cultural integrity and resiliency of any organization can over time be predicted by the balance of social and technical subsystem balance or equilibrium (Manz, Stewart, 1997). A proposed Socio-Technical Equilibrium Model For Enterprise Systems has been created based on insights from this analysis and is shown in Figure 1. One of the most significant findings is that while data and system integration is often consider essential for enabling greater transaction accuracy, efficiency and process performance it also has a strong cultural effect on social subsystems throughout organizations (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). The proposed Socio-Technical Equilibrium Model For Enterprise Systems seeks to illustrate graphically how organizations can be more agile and responsive to market requirements by aligning their social and technical subsystems for greater information and knowledge transfer across broad functional and strategic boundaries. The consensus of the research completed for this analysis illustrates how divided and conflicting social and technical subsystems are throughout organizations however (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). The literature review also highlighted that across all enterprise systems, the ERP platforms had the most divisive effect on corporate cultures, fragmenting them across functional and strategy areas, creating information siloes in the process (Carlsson, Henningsson, Hrastinski, Keller, 2011). Ironically ERP systems have a balkanization effect on companies instead of a unifying one. Using a more equilibrium-based approach to balancing technical and social subsystems throughout an organization by using role-based ERP systems that have systems of record defined by strategy and not by functional areas shows significant potential to avert organizational and cultural clashes that occur when a siloed approach to defining how a given technical subsystem supports socially-based processes. The capability of any organization to overcome the limitations of its IT structure and still attain a congruency across technical and social subsystems is critical for STS-based frameworks to deliver value throughout an enterprise (Appelbaum, 1997).

Industrial Conflicts and Collective Disputes:

Discrimination at a workplace is a major motivational killer for most employees. Discrimination can be on the basis of age, sex, ethnicity and color, among others. Most of the individuals who undergo loss of psychological well-being and self-esteem; therefore these individuals are forced into coping mechanism which also has its effect.

The labor market has historically been subject to regulation but this is the result of vested interests rather than any economic imperative

Human Resource is a general term to which many institutes have assigned the meaning of the grouping of conventionally executive personnel roles with performance running, worker affairs and resource planning.

Trade unions are often seen as beneficial to the plight of everyday workers. By negotiating wages, looking out for rights, trade unions give workers a voice at their place of work. But, in Australia's experience, this…

¶ … improving communications between supervisors and employees at Kongsberg Automotive.

In current years illegal immigration has turned out to be a topic that has brought up some significant political issues in the United States. A lot of the debate on illegal immigration emphases on a feasible route to United States citizenship. It would need to be pointed out that there are so many more persistent subjects which should be spoken about in regards to the illegal immigration discussion. Some are arguing that illegal immigrants that are without health insurance are costing American tax payers billions of dollars annually. Some even believe that most are wearing out their welcome and staying way past their due time. This paper talks about a reforming the immigration reform in order to bring more restriction and organization.