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Risk
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What is Risk?

Risk is a foundational concept in business education, appearing across courses in corporate finance, management, healthcare administration, and community health. It attracts sustained academic attention because it sits at the intersection of decision-making, uncertainty, and consequence — forces that shape outcomes in nearly every professional field. Students are asked to analyze risk because understanding it requires integrating quantitative reasoning with strategic judgment, making it an intellectually demanding subject that tests both analytical and applied skills.

The papers archived on this topic reflect a wide range of approaches. Some take a corporate finance angle, examining how firms manage financial exposure, as seen in work focused on international corporate exposure management and bond selection. Others adopt a case-study format, grounding risk analysis in specific companies such as Winsome Manufacturing. Community and public health perspectives appear as well, with papers addressing risk among vulnerable populations including adolescents, children, and patients in critical care settings. Policy and program evaluation approaches surface in work on culturally responsive programs for Native American youth, showing how risk extends beyond financial contexts into social and clinical domains.

A strong essay on risk begins with a clearly scoped thesis that identifies the type of risk under examination — financial, clinical, social, or operational — and argues a specific position about its causes, management, or consequences. Evidence drawn from case data, journal research, or documented management plans tends to carry the most weight. The most common pitfall is treating risk as a vague, general concern rather than defining its specific terms, probability, and impact within the context being analyzed.

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Paper Undergraduate
Ethnic conflict in Xinjiang: applying the internal security dilemma framework
There has been much discussion on this issue and from different points of view. An important study conducted on the Xinjiang and the internal security dilemma has been conducted by Jiaxing Xu, "The Ethnic Security Dilemma and Ethnic Violence: An Alternative Empirical Model and its Explanatory Power" (2012) in which the role of ethnic violence and is discussed as a possibility of explaining the ethnic security dilemma.
Research Paper Doctorate
Peer pressure's influence on adolescent substance use and criminal behavior
An investigation on how the impact of peer pressure on adolescents with regard to alcohol, drugs, tobacco and other decision
Essay Doctorate
Capital budgeting analysis for Sparklin Automotive Company's manufacturing investment
The Sparklin Automotive Company needs to make a capital investment of $3,000,000 to improve its manufacturing facilities. This investment needs to be carefully considered along two dimensions.
Essay Doctorate
Biofuel production and the global food crisis
¶ … food production and distribution in the world today?
Essay Doctorate
Medical futility and the patient right to refuse treatment in nursing ethics
Bioethics is described as both a field of intellectual inquiry and a professional practice that examines moral questions affecting various disciplines (Arras, 2007). These disciplines include biology, medicine, law,…
Paper Doctorate
Wall Street bailouts and their failure to revive Main Street economies
The current recession was precipitated in large part by Wall Street, which fuelled an asset bubble in the housing market and repackaged bad loans as good ones. One of the initial consequences of the bursting of that…
Paper Undergraduate
Should the United States abolish capital punishment?
Few legal issues in the United States have been as hotly debated as the death penalty. In addition to the two main sides of the debate -- for or against the death penalty -- there are the various issues surrounding it.
Paper Undergraduate
Demand for luxury goods during the 2007-2009 economic recession
macroeconomics 'It's an ill wind that blows no one good' -- sustained or increased demand during an economic downturn. Who is unaffected by or benefits from an economic recession?
Paper Undergraduate
Managing Tourette's syndrome in a gifted adolescent student
Demographics: Male, 13 years old, Chinese heritage, healthy otherwise, scores in 90th percentile in most intelligence tests; non-violent, intensely curious, we will call him Lon
Paper Doctorate
Alcan's IT management systems and ERP integration challenges
Alcan's growth as a global conglomerate in the aluminum and metal fabrication industry follows a similar trajectory of many companies whose business models forced rapid, highly distributed business models at the expense Information Technologies (IT) management systems consistency and performance. Alcan's IT management systems and underlying infrastructure have become balkanized as the company has grown into four separately functioning and highly autonomous business units. In evaluating the key success factors of successful Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations in multisite locations, the most critical factor overall is creating a unified, well synchronized system of record across all ERP instances (Hanafizadeh, Gholami, Dadbin, Standage, 2010). A second key success factor for multisite ERP implementations is the ability to negotiate a very low level of maintenance pricing with ERP vendors in the form of multisite or use-based pricing instead of the traditional per-seat model (Law, Chen, Wu, 2010). A third key success factor in the implementing multisite ERP systems is the ability to create a shared set of analytics, financial reporting metrics and measured of shared collaboration performance across all sites (Nour, Mouakket, 2011). Alcan has none of these best practices in effect during the time periods of the case study. They are conversely creating very high costs of maintenance for themselves, paying $500M in software costs and fees to SAP, tolerating up to 400 systems dedicated to just pricing alone, and attempting to manage well over 1,000 systems throughout the four divisions. As the company continues to grow and attempts to move into new markets where unifying all four divisions is necessary, they will find their IT systems are more of a liability than an asset in their current configuration. Coupled with the escalating costs of keeping each of the four divisions under maintenance with SAP, the ongoing high costs of integration, there is the threat of compliance violations to industry safety and quality requirements in addition to Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) financial reporting requirements. All of these factors taken together point to the need for more effective IT management strategy that takes into account the critical success factors for ERP system integration in a highly decentralized organizational structure. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the pros and cons of the current Alcan IT management system, in addition to evaluating the pros and cons of the new Alcan IT enterprise architecture as proposed by Robert Ouelette. The final section of the paper discusses if moving from the current Alcan IT management system to a new structure is advisable or not.