Toxic Leaders
Jean Lipman-Blumen's book The Allure of Toxic Leaders does two things. First, it describes toxic leaders -- what they look like in a leadership situation and what they do -- and then it outlines the reasons why people who are obviously toxic still retain a lot of followers.

The first part of this comes in understanding some key elements of leadership. It requires followers, first and foremost, and it comes from a variety of sources including charisma and formal authority. These sources do not necessarily correspond with high quality leadership, which opens the door for toxic leadership to exist and also for it to have followers. One of the key attributes of toxic leaders is that they exploit the fears and desires of their followers, manipulating emotions to achieve their objectives. The objectives are usually not related to the best interests of the followers, hence the toxicity of the leader.

Toxic…...

According to the DSM-IV, a sociopath must have, at least three of the following characteristics: 1. Failure to conform to social norms; 2. Deceitfulness, manipulativeness; 3. Impulsivity, failure to plan ahead; 4. Irritability, aggressiveness; 5. Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others; 6. Consistent irresponsibility; 7. Lack of remorse after having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another person" (Connor).
It does not take any stretch of the imagination to see more than three of these characteristics in Dunlap and his actions. Dunlap's decisions were illogical and extreme. His philosophy of cutting unnecessary expense would make any "Lean Management" student proud. However, his practice of accounting would raise some eyebrows to say the least. No one will argue that Dunlap managed to pad his own pockets quite nicely with the rises in stock price. However, he simply ignored many obligations to others that are considered to be the basis…...

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Works Cited

Byrne, J. (1998). How Al Dunlap Self-Destructed: The Inside Story of What Drove Sunbeam's

Board to Act. Businessweek. Retrieved March 15, 2007 at  http://www.businessweek.com/1998/27/B3585090.htm 

Connor, T. (2005). ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY, SOCIOPATHY, and PSYCHOPATHY.

Retrieved March 25, 2007 at http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/428/428lect16.htm.

An effective military unit is built on the firm foundation of quality leadership; leadership drives performance outcomes and creates the organizational climate and culture necessary for success. While multiple leadership styles can prove effective under various circumstances, toxic leadership almost always has an adverse impact on morale within the unit (Sadulski, 2018). Toxic leadership undermines trust, creates a climate of fear, and can even “violate the legitimate interests of the organization,” (Aubrey, 2012, p. 4). In fact, the effects of toxic leadership can reverberate far beyond the immediate interactions within the unit, penetrating “deep into families and family readiness,” (Jowers, 2015, p. 1). Defined as a self-seeking, “abrasive,” and “narcissistic” set of behaviors, toxic leadership undermines the fundamental principles of the military. One of the effects of toxic leadership is the creation and normalization of a toxic climate within the entire unit. The main features of a toxic environment within the…...

Good leadership is an essential component in a military organization because of the complex nature of military operations. Such leadership is provided by good leaders with capability to adapt to rapidly changing situations in the operational environment. Some of the components that characterize good leadership in military operations and organizations include making quality decisions, creating a positive environment for all subordinates, analytical problem solving, and systems integration. In this regard, some of the core qualities military leaders should possess include intellect, presence, character, and ability. Even though the significance of good military leaders to successful operations is recognized in this field, there are toxic leaders who have negative impacts on military organizations.
Toxic leaders exist in military ranks and have negative impacts on the achievement of effective mission command. Reed & Olsen (2010) define toxic leaders as leaders who do not care for well-being of their subordinates and have personal or…...

Leadership: Leader Motivation and ContingencyA leader needs to behave proactively without losing the trust of his employees as employee hiring as well as retention of the talented ones is a serious strategic decision. Leaders specific personality traits have to be brought into effect for dealing with contingency situations that might sometimes get the brands image and stakeholders trust in jeopardy. No one size could be considered a fit for all situations and a contingency one (Vidal et al., 2017). This paper aims to scrutinize two leaders and their motivational and contingency leadership styles based on contingency theory.Mary Barra, GM CEOMotivational Style and Contingency LeadershipThe motivational style of Mary Barra could be attributed to transformational leadership in which she allowed the employees to express their viewpoints. After listening to them, she asked about their values and how they chose them (Bin Sattar, n.d.). This led her to understand what employee perceptions…...

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ReferencesBin Sattar, S. (n.d.). Leadership qualities- styles, traits, and skills of Mary Barra. The Strategy Watch.   D., Teo, S., Halvorsen, B., & Staples, W. (2020). Leader humility and knowledge sharing intention: A serial mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560704 Ochs, S.M. (2016, October 6). The leadership blind spots at Wells Fargo. Harvard Business Review.  https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-leadership-blind-spots-at-wells-fargo PBS News Hours. (2016, September 20). Were Wells Fargo employees under unfair sales pressure?  https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/wells-fargo-employees-unfair-sales-pressure Qian, J., Song, B., Jin, Z., Wang, B. & Chen, H. (2018). Linking empowering leadership to task performance, taking charge, and voice: The mediating role of feedback-seeking. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02025 Segun, F. (2017, July 25). The kind of leadership that existed in Wells Fargo which led to the scandal. LinkedIn.  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/kind-leadership-existed-wells-fargo-which-led-scandal-fashakin-segun/ Steinmann, B., Klug, H., & Maier, G. W. (2018). The path is the goal: How transformational leaders enhance followers’ job attitudes and proactive behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02338 Tai. (2020, February 20). How decisive leadership saved General Motors from catastrophe. Matter App.  https://matterapp.com/blog/how-decisive-leadership-saved-general-motors-from-catastrophe Vidal, G.G., Campdesuner, R.P., Rodriguez, A.S. & Vivar, R.M. (2017). Contingency theory to study leadership styles of small businesses owners-managers at Santo Domingo, Ecuador. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979017743172Villanova University. (2022, September 6). The contingency theory of leadership explained.  https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/contingency-theory-leadership/https://www.thestrategywatch.com/leadership-qualities-styles-traits-skills-mary-barra/ Nguyen,

Mexico's Trade Strategy

Mexico has pursued a three-dimensional trade strategy perhaps more diligently than even the United States according to Schott (Studer & Wise, 2007). Mexico has been an active participant in multilateral talks since its GATT accession in 1986 and was the host country for the special Summit of the Americas in Monterrey and for the hemispheric trade talks in Puebla. Mexico is perhaps most famous as the instigator of NAFTA as well as many other FTAs with countries around the world including key industrial markets such as the European Union (EU, The European Free Trade Association (EFTA), and Japan. In addition, Mexico entered in FTAs with olivia, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, The G3 (Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela), Honduras, Israel and Nicaragua during the period January 1995 to June 2001 (Schott in Studer & Wise, 2007). It is important to emphasize that Mexico has many more FTAs than…...

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Bibliography

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1988. Basel Convention. Retrieved from:  http://www.basel.int/ 

Bown, C.P. (2009). U.S. -- China Trade Conflicts and the Future of the WTO. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 33 (1), winter/spring 2009, pp. 27-48.

Bown, C.P & McCulloch (2005). U.S. Trade Policy Toward China: Discrimination and its Implications.

China and Mercosur: Perpectives for Bilateral Trade (2007). China Programme 11 (7). International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Retrieved from:  http://ictsd.org/i/news/bridges/3164/

Personal Leadership Platform
A leadership platform is a complex concept. The questions expanded my thinking into not only what I want to be as a leader, but also why those convictions are important. As a new marketing manager, I think this is a valuable activity to examine my beliefs and values of what my leadership should represent.

Purpose of Leadership

The simple purpose of leadership is to lead a group with a common goal. The true question is what a leader must possess in order to carry out the process of achieving a common goal. A leader must understand the big picture of the organization and the way the smaller parts work together to help achieve the overarching goals. Additionally, he/she must understand the strengths and weaknesses of an organization. Using data, leaders must work with those they lead to develop goals for company improvement. The leader is responsible for clearly communicating goals…...

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References

Ambler, G. (2008). Leaders vs. Managers….. Are they really different? Retrieved September 8, 2013 from  http://www.thepracticeofleadership.net/2008/04/08/leaders-vs.-managers-are-they-really-different/comment-page-2/ 

Carlos L., (2013). Task and relationship orientation of Americans: a study of gender, age, and work experience. Retrieved September 8, 2013 from  http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/10573.pdf 

Daugherty R., (2013). Power and Influence: Strategies for Leadership. Retrieved September 8, 2013 from  http://fcs.okstate.edu/leadership/Power%20and%20Influence/Power%20and%20Influence%20Instructors%20Guide%20-%20Sept%2009.pdf 

Fleenor J.W., (2006). Trait Approach to Leadership. Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Sage Publications. Retrieved September 8, 2013 from  http://www.sagepub.com/northouseintro2e/study/chapter/encyclopedia/encyclopedia2.1.pdf

US Office of Trade Representative
The Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) is organized through the Executive Office of the President and works to coordinate and administer trade policies all over the globe (USTR, N.d.). USTR provides trade policy leadership and negotiating expertise in its major areas of responsibility, including such services as:

• Bilateral, regional and multilateral trade and investment issues

• Expansion of market access for American goods and services

• International commodity agreements

• Negotiations affecting U.S. import policies

• Oversight of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) and Section 301 complaints

• Trade, commodity, and direct investment matters managed by OECD and others

• Trade-related intellectual property protection issues

• World Trade Organization (WTO) issues

In order to provide such ambitious services in the effort to further world trade, the USTR works directly with the US Congress as well as team of external advisors, which includes approximately seven hundred professionals organized into multiple tiers, who…...

Although Carlos Ghosn's leadership abilities cannot be contested, there are certain aspects that must be taken into consideration when analyzing his leadership style. He is considered a successful leader, given the results reported by Nissan and enault and the recognition pachieved from his peers. However, the democratic and laissez-faire style imposed by Ghosn can lead to negative effects on medium term and on long-term. This is because this relaxed attitude he encourages within his companies might determine some of the workers to not take their jobs as seriously as they should. Their motivational levels might be reduced as a result. Therefore, Ghosn should try to impose a firmer leadership style.

Conclusions

Carlos Ghosn is one of the most successful leaders on global level. His interesting approach to leadership and the results he obtained through his companies have determined specialists in the field to analyze his behavior. Their findings are very interesting for…...

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Reference list:

1. Leadership Styles (2010). Leadership Expert. Retrieved February 26, 2011 from http://www.leadership-expert.co.uk/leadership-styles/.

2. Avolio, B. & Gibbons, T. (1988). Charismatic Leadership. Jossey-Bass Publishers. Retrieved February 27, 2011.

3. McDonough, M. (2010). Democratic Leadership in Large Companies. Retrieved February 27, 2011 from  http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/75623.aspx .

4. Laissez Faire Leadership Style and Management Styles Theory (2010). ELS. Retrieved February 27, 2011 from http://www.effectiveleadershipstyles.co.uk/Laissez_faire_leadership_style_&_management_styles_theory.html.

Enterprise systems development strategy BITISH AMEICAN TOBACCO
British American Tobacco (BAT) is a leading tobacco company globally producing 200 brands of cigarettes. The company global drive brands are Dunhill, Pall Mall, Kent, and Lucky Strike, and these brands provide 35% of the company revenue. Other international brands manufactured by the company are Benson & Hedges, othmans, Viceroy, Vogue, Kool, Gold leaf, John player, Express 555 etc. British American Tobacco operates under tobacco industry and is the second largest tobacco company in the world with market capitalization of $98.07 billion. The overall market capitalization of tobacco industry is $356 billion and within the global tobacco industry, British American enjoys 27.55% of the market share. However, Philip Morris International Inc. is an industry leader with the market capitalization reaching approximately $151.2 billion.

British American Tobacco operates in 180 markets with more than 708 billion cigarettes sold annually. The vision of the company is to…...

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References

Annual Report, (2011). British American Tobacco 2011 Annual Report. London British American Tobacco (2011). Our History. British American Tobacco Plc. London.

Dai, Y. & Su, Y. (2009).Assuring the Information Quality of Production Planning and Control in Tobacco Industries. Cooperation and Promotion of Information Resources in Science and Technology: 236 -- 241.

Eshlaghi, A.T. Asadollahi, A. & Poorebrahimi, A.(2011). The Role of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) in the Contribution and Integration of the Information in the Supply Chain. European Journal of Social Sciences.20(1): 16-27.

Huang, C. & Hsu, P. (2011). Perceptions of the Impact of Chief Executive Leadership Style on Organization Performance through Successful Enterprises Resources Planning. Social Behavior and Personality. 39(7): 865-878.

Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence
by Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee

In the book "Primal Leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence," authors David Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee presented and discussed the findings of their research about more than 3,000 executives' leadership styles. More importantly, the discussion delved onto the relationship that these executives have with their emotional intelligence. Leadership style is dependent on emotional intelligence primarily because an executive's ability to adapt to problems, challenges, and unexpected situations depend mostly on one's skill to adapt or adjust efficiently to these situations / problems. From the researchers' findings, it was found that "leaders who used styles with a positive emotional impact saw decidedly better financial returns than those who did not."

The research was able to uncover and determine the different leadership styles extant in most organizations today. Mainly, leaders are categorized as either having the…...

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Work cited

Goleman, D., R. Boyatzis, and A. McKee. (2001). Primal Leadership: Realizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence. Harvard Business School Press.

Going on vacation or taking a day off resulted in coming back to a flood of emails about "mistakes" she had uncovered while you were away, so time off was not even seen as an incentive any more.
As shown, there was really very little in comparison between my classroom and this department. One was a toxic environment due to poor leadership, while the other was a positive and nurturing environment due to leadership. Another writer states, "Successful leadership -- and the trust of those led -- demands a true partnership between leader and followers to create a team that advances our society toward the common good" (Erickson, 2006). In my experience, there was no team with the unethical leader, the staff was divided into "us" against "them," and the leader had no clue that her actions were causing such dissension in the staff.

In conclusion, comparing these two leaders has…...

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References

Ciulla, J.B. (Ed.). (2004). Ethics, the heart of leadership (2nd ed.). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Erickson, a.L. (2006). Ethical leadership and the public trust: The winner of the 2006 ASPA Wallace O. Keene Conference Scholarship shares her thoughts on four important characteristics of leaders. The Public Manager, 35(1), 62+.

Reilly, E.C. (2006). The future entering: reflections on and challenges to ethical leadership. 163+..

" Of course the Convention claims that children are a special interest, with the need for special rights, but in the world of public opinion, special interests are too often framed as only benefiting one interest at the expense of others. Acknowledging that the establishment and maintenance of special rights for children is merely the development of further tools for the successful maintenance of an equitable society precludes this pigeonholing, because it frames helping children as a means of helping everyone.
Nonetheless, a potential drawback of using an NGO to work for the rights of the child remains in the fact that focusing on this issue does mean that other specific issues will not be granted the same time and money, but even here one may note that focusing on the rights of the child can actually work towards improving the time and money available for other issues, because once again,…...

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Works Cited

"Convention on the Rights of the Child." UNICEF. UNICEF, 3 June 2011. Web. 21 Nov 2011.

.

United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Convention on the Rights

of the Child. 1990. Print. .

ethics of discarded computers. Discussed is John Stuart Mill's philosophy.
Response scenario: I have just worn out my fourth computer. I love a high speed computer, but I feel guilty when I buy a new one. A new computer is my top priority for a purchase, and I begin saving for a new one almost as soon as I have purchased one. I know that many people are just like me. There must be junkyards full of computers. hy is there such a waste with hardware and software in the computer industry. Should I try to get by with less? Two sources are used. APA.

Computer Junkyards

Computer trash is certainly becoming a problem for societies everywhere. Some people try to make use of them by creating art, but that is a miniscule use of the millions of old computers one can see set out for the garbage men or dumped behind…...

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Works Cited

Bergstrom, Bill. "Junked Computers Are Toxic Nightmare."

AP Online. May 7, 2000. http://ask.elibrary.com/getdoc.asp?pubname=AP_Online&puburl=http~C~~S~~S~www.ap.org&querydocid=:bigchalk:U.S.;Lib&dtype=0~0&dinst=0&author=BILL+BERGSTROM%2C+AP+Business+Writer&title=Junked+Computers+Are+Toxic+Nightmare++&date=05%2D07%2D2000&query=discarded+computer+&maxdoc=60&idx=3.(accessed07-22-2002).

Fackler, Martin. "Chinese villages poisoned by American high-tech trash." AP Worldstream. March 01, 2002. accessed 07-22-2002).http://ask.elibrary.com/getdoc.asp?pubname=AP_Worldstream&puburl=http~C~~S~~S~www.ap.org~S~&querydocid=:bigchalk:U.S.;Lib&dtype=0~0&dinst=0&author=MARTIN+FACKLER%2C+Associated+Press+Writer&title=Chinese+villages+poisoned+by+American+high%2Dtech+trash++&date=03%2D01%2D2002&query=discarded+computer+&maxdoc=60&idx=5

Leadeship Skills Impact Intenational Education
CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION

Pactical Cicumstances of Intenational schools

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION

What is Effective Leadeship fo Today's Schools?

Challenges of Intecultual Communication

Challenges of Diffeing Cultual Values

Impotance of the Team

Leadeship Style

LEADERSHIP THEORIES

Cuent Leadeship Reseach

Tansfomational Leadeship

Skills-Authoity

Contingency Theoies

APPLYING LEADERSHIP IN AN INTERNATIONAL SETTING

Wagne's "Buy-in" vs. Owneship

Undestanding the Ugent Need fo Change

Reseach confims what teaches, students, paents and supeintendents have long known: the individual school is the key unit fo educational impovement, and within the school the pincipal has a stong influence upon the natue of the school, the conditions unde which students lean, and upon what and how much they lean. Despite this ageement about the cental ole of the pincipal, thee is little eseach concening the chaacteistics of pincipals associated with effective leadeship and with pupil accomplishment, and even less insight about how these chaacteistics might be developed and by what means, paticulaly fo intenational school settings.…...

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reference:

http://mason.gmu.edu/~lshafer/schoolsetting.html].

Allen, K.E., Bordas, J., Robinson Hickman, G., Matusek, L.R., & Whitmire, K.J. (1998). Leadership in the twenty-first century. Rethinking Leadership Working Papers. Academy of Leadership Press. http://www.academy.umd.edu/scholarship/casl/klspdocs/21stcen.html

Bennis, W.G. (1997). "The secrets of great groups." Leader to Leader, No.3. The Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management. http://www.pfdf.org/leaderbooks/L2L/winter97/bennis.html

Crowther, F., Kaagan, S., et. al. (2002). Developing Teacher Leaders. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.