Problems and Solutions to Increase Greening of the Health Care System
The objective of this work in writing is to examine problems and solutions to increase greening of the health care system. Towards this end, this work examines and reports literature in this area of study. As shown in this study, today's hospitals and health care organizations are addressing ‘greening' of the health care environment through various methods and designs. From construction to waste, from lighting to heating and cooling, there are many ways that the health care environment can be changed into a ‘green' health care environment.
Relationship Between Cardiac Disorders and Sleep Apnea
The objective of this study is to ascertain the relationship between cardiac disorders and sleep apnea. Toward this end, this work will examine the research on this area of study. An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Strike Council, and Council on Cardiovascular nursing report states that "Sleep-related breathing disorders are highly prevalent in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects an estimated 15 million adult Americans and is present in a large proportion of patients with hypertension and in those with other cardiovascular disorders, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation." (Somers, et al, 2008, p.1080) Central sleep apnea occurs primarily in patients with heart failure. (Somers, et al, 2008, paraphrased)
Fundamental rights and their legal protections
This essay explores the development of EU fundamental rights jurisprudence. In particular, it examines the role of the Stauder, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft, and Nold decisions handed down by the European Court of Justice. The essay also examines how a court with no express or explicit constitutional authority can make binding decisions on member states who may have radically different constitutional understanding of fundamental rights.
Cryptosporidium case study and clinical outcomes
This work in writing is a case study of Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium is reported as a "coccidian protozoan parasite" and one that has received a great deal of attention over the past two decades as a "clinically important human pathogen." (Hannahs, nd, p.1) The discovery of Cryptosporidium is reported as associated with E.E. Tyzzer who described a "cell-associated organism in the gastric mucosa of mice" in 1907 as reported in the work of Keusch et al (1995). (Hannahs, nd, p.1) Cryptosporidium was believed for several decades to be a "rare, opportunistic animal pathogen". (Hannahs, nd, p.1)
The first case of human cryptosporidiosis occurred in a three-year-old girl in rural Tennessee in 1976 suffering from severe gastroenteritis for two weeks and reported in the work of Flanigan and Soave (1993). Cryptosporidium parvum was discovered through use of an electronic microscopic examination of the intestinal mucosa. Cryptosporidium parvus was associated with AIDS cases in the 1980s and this resulted in renewed attention of this infection as a "ubiquitous human pathogen." (Hannahs, nd, p.1)
Marfan syndrome: characteristics, diagnosis, and clinical management
Marfan syndrome was first described at the end of the 19th century, by Dr. Antoine Marfan in Paris. Since that time our understanding of the causes of this disorder has advanced considerably, yet detection and diagnosis still relies on the presence of a family history, a physical examination, and a few non-invasive laboratory tests. Despite the genetic underpinnings of this disorder, the development of a useful diagnostic genetic test remains lacking. Undiagnosed patients therefore run the risk of dying at an early age for lack of proper medical care. However, with treatment persons with Marfan syndrome can often live a long and fruitful life.