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Irrespective of whether or not such a request precedes or follows the common recitation of Miranda warnings by arresting authorities, the Supreme Court
has now long-regarded any expression of request for legal counsel as the immediate cut-off point of any further questioning (Colon, 2004; Dershowitz, 2002).
Furthermore, the Sixth Amendment right to competent counsel need not specifically be expressed or invoked by the defendant. in-between 1961 and 1979, the Supreme Court expanded the requirements in that regard by applying standards that had been developed in-between 1932 and 1942 with respect to federal prosecutions to state prosecutions (Freidman, 2005). Those decisions entitled criminal defendants to the assignment of competent counsel anytime the defendant is financially incapable of acquiring his own legal representation...
(2004). Blue Blood. New York: Riverhead.
Dershowitz, a. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York:
Little Brown & Co.
Friedman, L.M. (2005). A History of American Law. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Hoover, L. (2005). "The Supreme Court Brings an End to the 'End Run' Around
Miranda" FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (Jun/05 Vol. 74 No. 6).
Schmalleger, F. (2007) Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st
Century. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall
Zalman, Marvin. (2008). Criminal Procedure: Constitution and Society, 5th ed.. New
Jersey:…
References
Conlon, E. (2004). Blue Blood. New York: Riverhead.
Dershowitz, a. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York:
Little Brown & Co.
Friedman, L.M. (2005). A History of American Law. New York: Simon & Schuster.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) The civil liberties that majority of Americans enjoy today were fought for through tough conditions and in several occasions people got detained and even killed defending the basic civil rights that need to be availed to each American on equal basis. The early 1920 saw the increase in the civil rights movements that wanted the democratic space within the country expanded and guaranteed more than it
Furthermore, the Supreme Court (and the Texas district court also) relied on a judicial invention introduced in the earlier Griswold and Eisenstadt decisions: namely, the penumbra of privacy that was said to "emanate" from the Fourteenth Amendment to give rise in a fundamental right of privacy despite the fact that the notion of personal privacy is not mentioned at all in the Constitution. Certainly, the Roe decision was justified on
" Then there are the "...5 million employees of the federal bureaucracy and the military" at his disposal. Also, the president runs the executive branch of government; Cummings writes that he is "chief of state" - the "ceremonial and symbolic head of state as well as head of government" (391) - as well as being "chief executive" of the government. He has the power to "grant reprieves and pardons for offenses
Abstract Expressionist Painting Artistic and Aesthetic Value in American Modernist Art during the Cold War Era Defining American Expressionism American modernism is perhaps one of the most difficult artistic periods to define. Modernism refers to a trend that affirms the power of human beings to create, shape, and make improvements to their environment. Modernism is aided by technological advances and is considered both progressive and optimistic in its approach to defining society. American
History U.S. Criminal Justice Systems/Police It is undeniable that criminal justice and police activities are integral parts of every relatively peaceful nation in the world. Without the actions and standards set forth by the agencies that "protect and serve" many wrongs would go not only unpunished but possibly unnoticed as well. The basic purposes of policing in democratic societies are: 1. To prevent and investigate crimes; 2. To apprehend offenders; 3. To
Teachers should feel the pressure when their students do not succeed while opponents argue that placing such pressure on teachers just adds to the problem and makes success just that more difficult and unlikely. Even the most ardent opponents to standardized testing among the teaching profession would likely argue that the demand for accountability is a legitimate one. Every profession needs to establish its credibility among the public and teachers