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" At almost 4 minutes, the temperature has fallen to the point where sub-atomic particles become naturally attracted to each other and form certain kinds of isotopes. At almost an hour after the Big Bang, all nuclear material has bonded, yet the temperatures is "still too high for protons and electrons to bind together" to form atoms. From this point on to about 700,000 years later, the temperature has dropped sufficiently and allows electrons and protons to bind together to create atoms of hydrogen. Therefore, as free electrons "are bound up in atoms, the primary cross-section leading to the scattering of photons is removed" which allows the universe to alter from being opaque to transparent, thus allowing photons of light...
At some unknown point in spatial time, the universe begins to cool even further, allowing gases like hydrogen, helium, oxygen and nitrogen to produce stars, galaxies and planets, a process which continues unabated and whose final destiny remains a very open question.
References
La Rocco, Chris and Blair Rothstein. 2007, "The Big Bang," Internet. Retrieved at http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm.
Sullivan, William S. The Big Bang and Cosmology. New York: Scribner's, 2004.
The Hot Big Bang." 2007. Internet. Retrieved at http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162 / lect/cosmology/hotbb.html.
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