The client should then be allowed to rest for a few minutes. This is followed by the application of Ortho Ease to the back of the legs. Hot compresses should be applied to the spine. Heat will begin to build up slowly.
The next step is to work on the legs. Apply 2-3 drops of wintergreen, cypress, basil, and peppermint to the inside of the lower legs along the shin. This application should occur from the bottom of the knee to the top of the big toes. Each oil application should be finished before the next is begun. This oil is worked in using the Vita Flex technique from the inside of the shinbone to the ankle and then along the top of the big toe.

The next step can be performed with two people. The first is to have the individual assisting stand at the feet of the person and…...

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Works Cited

Buckle, J. (1997) Clinical Aromatherapy in Nursing. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.

Essential Oils Desk Reference, (2001) Second Edition, Orem, Utah, USA: Essential Science Publishing.

Natures Gift. Skin Care. Retrieved February 22, 2007 at  http://www.naturesgift.com/essentialoil-skincare.htm .

Tisserand, R. And Balacs, T. 1995: Essential Oil Safety. London: Churchill Livingstone.

Foeniculum Vulgare and Fennel Essential Oil
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.var. vulgare) is a herbaceous plant that grows yearly with seeds that are beneficial to humans. They are commonly used as medicine both as homemade remedies as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. They indicate that the Foeniculum vulgare seeds secrete certain yellowish or sometimes clear oil that is used in the production of perfumery drinks through carminative and stimulant action. In addition the other parts of the plant such as the steams, leaves and flowers also produce essential oils that attract commercial interest. The paper reviews literature that point at fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and fennel essential oil's history, cultivation and production uses and mainly medicinal uses especially for conditions that include the eyes, diabetes and intestinal tract.

Discussion

Stefanini et al., in their article Essential oil constituents of different organs of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare), explain of an experiment they carried out…...

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References

Abou El-Soud, N., El-Laithy, N., El-Saeed, G., Wahby, M.S., Khalil, M., Morsy, F., et al.

(2011). Antidiabetic Activities of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill. Essential Oil in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4 (2), 139-146.

Agarwal, R., Kumar, S., & Sunder, S. (2008). Oculohypotensive effects of foeniculum vulgare in Experimental models of glaucoma. Indian J. Physiol Pharmacol, 52 (1), 77 -- 83.

Alexandrovich, I., Rakovitskaya, O., Kolmo, E., Sidorova, T., & Shushunov, S. (2003). The

S ome aromas even affect us physiologically" (p. 38). esearchers exploring human olfaction have determined that:
faint trace of lemon significantly increases people's perception of their own health.

Lavender incense contributes to a pleasant mood -- but it lowers volunteers' mathematical abilities.

A whiff of lavender and eucalyptus increases people's respiratory rate and alertness.

The scent of phenethyl alcohol (a constituent of rose oil) reduces blood pressure.

These findings have contributed to the explosive growth in the aromatherapy industry; according to Furlow (1996), "Aromatherapists point to scientific findings that smell can dramatically affect our moods as evidence that therapy with aromatic oils can help buyers manage their emotional lives" (p. 38). According to Ornstein and Sobel, one recent experiment to determine the effect, if any, of fragrances on mind/body involved subjects being wired to physiological monitoring equipment, and then being interrogated with stress-provoking questions, such as "What kind of person makes you angry?" The…...

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References

Anderson, B.J., Manheimer, E. & Stein, M.D. (2003). Use and Assessment of Complementary and Alternative Therapies by Intravenous Drug Users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(2), 401.

Aromatherapy Therapy Chart of Essential Oils by Therapeutic Effect. (2004). MoonDragon's Aromatherapy Chart. Available:  http://www.moondragon.org/aromatherapy/aromatherapychart.html .

Ba, T.R.D.N. (Ed). (2003). An Introduction to Complementary Medicine. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

Battista, J.R., Chinen, A.B. & Scotton, B.W. (1996). Textbook of transpersonal psychiatry and psychology.

Some of the rather varied list of claims include mood alternative, as biofeedback tied in to relaxation, stress release, concentration and meditation."... "an alternative to synthetic drugs to feel good." "addresses the nervous system and the energy fields of the body. It soothes the body, cleans the body, clears the body, and tones the body."... The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy, by Valerie Ann Worwood, states that there are about 300 essential oils and that they constitute an extremely effective medical system. The web site of Beyond Aromatherapy has stated (allegedly quoting Hippocrates) "There is a remedy for every illness to be found in nature." Its online catalog includes descriptions of "ancient healing uses," astrological correspondence, and Chinese medicine characteristics of more than 80 essential oils. (Barrett MD, 2001, (http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryelatedTopics/aroma.html)
Clearly the indication of these claims is not only far reaching but indicates their use as medicine. The…...

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Resources

Barrett, S. MD. (2001), "Aromatherapy: Making Dollars out of Scents." Retrieved September 10, 2007 at  http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/aroma.html 

Russell, M.(ND). "Aromatherapy: A great Alternative Therapy." Retrieved September 10, 2007 at http://aromatherapy-guide-to.com/printview.aspx?articleid=350064

The amygdale manages our emotional response to an aroma. The memory and recognition of smell takes place in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is also where chemicals in an aroma trigger our unique repository of learned memories..." (Buckle, 2001).
Though there hasn't been much research, and most studies that have been done were small sample sizes, the healing qualities of aromatherapy look very promising. In 2005, Japanese researchers found that aromatherapy massage using lavender-based products reduced anxiety and stress and was helpful to the immune system. It was also noted that patients showed a considerable increase in lymphocytes (protective blood cells), while showing a decrease in depression.

Another study discovered that the use of aromatherapy after an operation lessoned the patient's feeling of nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics (drugs used to prevent nausea and vomiting) were reduced by almost 50% (Milivojevic, 2006). In small studies conducted in nursing homes, aromatherapy has indicated better…...

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References

Archer, Shirley (2003). Aromatherapy Fights Dementia. The Futurist, 2. This article gives a brief overview of the effects of aromatherapy on patients with dementia.

Buckle, Jane (2001). Aromatherapy and Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 124. This article summarizes the process of how aromatherapy works, and provides a brief overview of the effects of aromatherapy on diabetic patients.

Fowler, Newton (2006). Complementary and alternative therapies: the nurse's role. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 261. This article analyzes the nurse's role in integrating CAM for the purpose of increasing the quality and quantity of life among patients. It also supplies a brief overview of the concepts of CAM as well as case studies and statistical analysis.

Milivojevic, J., (2006). Just the essentials: you know they smell good, but are there any benefits to incorporating essential oils into your practice? Massage Therapy Journal, 64. This article explores the benefits of incorporating essential oil aromatherapy massage into traditional medical practice. It reviews several case studies and defines aromatherapy.

Humulus Lupulus
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) are well recognized and extensively grown for their use in preparing beer and lager. Whilst hops have been utilized in beer preparing in Europe from the oman times, they started their widespread utilization in Flanders in the 14th century. Hops got admired recognition in Britain in the 16th century for medical and drinking reasons. The pure characteristics given by the hops, developed beer as an everyday drink instead of water, in a lot of areas water was usually unhealthy for human utilization

The Hop plant is a perpetual climbing plant that in character strings itself around trees. It is an associate of the Cannabidaceae species. Hops and cannabis are the only two types in the family and there are a lot of resemblances amid hemp (Cannabis sativa) and the cultivated hop. However, there are no "chemical" connections amid them. The nettle family is in the identical order…...

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References

Murakami, A. (2000). Hop variety classification using the genetic distance based on RAPD. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. May June 106(3): 157-161.

Yamazaki, T. (2000). Humulus lupulus L. var. cordifolius (Miq.) maxim. found in Chugoku District. Journal of Japanese Botany. April 75(2): 125.

Beatson, R.A. And T.E. Inglis (1999). Development of aroma hop cultivars in New Zealand. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. Nov. Dec. 105(6): 382-385.

De, K.D., F. David, et al. (1998). Automated reporting on the quality of hops and hop products. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 104(2): 75-82.

One of the studies Halm reviewed, for instance, found an immediate reduction in respiratory rate during and immediately after aromatherapy treatment, but two hours after the treatment occurred there was no discernable effect (Halm 2008). This suggests that the commercial applications of aromatherapy, which tend to be long-term environmental applications rather than time- and person-specific treatments. Because the evidence shows that the calming effects of aromatherapy are really only present during the treatment and immediately after, long-term environmental applications of aromatherapy might be best.
There are problems with such an application in a medical setting, however. Chief among these is the entirely subjective nature of the sense of smell. Certain aromas which might be very pleasant -- and therefore presumably stress reducing -- for some might be particularly unpleasant for others. For these latter people, who do not enjoy a particular given aroma, stress might actually be increased by the…...

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Reduction of stress in nurses and medical staff will have a direct and casually and consciously observable effect on the treatment of patients. Speech and action both tend to be abbreviated during periods of stress, which can and most likely will have a direct effect on the way that patients perceive the quality of care they are receiving. This in turn will have an effect on the patient's stress level; if they feel that they are receiving a less-than-adequate level of care, their stress level is likely to rise, negatively impacting their recovery. On the other hand, if the nurses and medical staff are less stressed, this will also be communicated to the patient, and might have the opposite effect of improving patient attitude and enhancing their recovery.

Stress can be communicated subconsciously, too, perhaps to an even greater degree in subtle situations than the overt and conscious communications presented by alterations in observable attitude and action. This fact can only enhance the positive effects of the above suggestions of an available environmentally pervasive aromatherapy break room. Calmer people tend to help calm other people; if the nurses and medical staff are calm and less stressed, this will be unconsciously communicated to the patients as well, reducing their stress levels. Thus, it can be seen that pervasive aromatherapy might be even more efficacious in the treatment of patient stress and anxiety when provided to nurses instead of or in addition to the patients themselves.

All of this talk of environmentally pervasive aromatherapy is not to suggest that direct and patient-specific applications of aromatherapy not be utilized. The evidence clearly shows that such applications can be remarkable efficacious in the short-term as a stress reduction technique for patients and medical staff alike, even going so far as to reduce respiratory rates (Halm 2008). The evidence that aromatherapy can actually reduce levels of pain in critically ill patients has yet to be verified, but this is another avenue of aromatherapy application the merits further research (Halm 2008). In fact, aromatherapy in general is underutilized in this country, and the reports studied herein suggest that these practices should be changes if for no other reason than it will at least partially and temporarily reduce stress levels among patients and medical staff. The increase of the use of aromatherapy will also provide more evidence for further applications.

Aureus
Current Areas of esearch

Much of the current research on staphylococcus aureus centers on the emergence of antibiotic-resistance strains. In particular, the resistant strain MSA is resistant to methicillin and related drugs. This has created a number of issues for medical practitioners, as staph infections are one of the more common infections that occur in a health setting.

One of the threads of research in this regard concerns the spread of staph infection in the hospital setting. It has long been believed that s. aureus infections were transmitted between patients. Where outbreaks have occurred, the response has generally reflected this view, with patients being segregated, and other similar remedies. ecent research has shown, however, that transmission between patients in the intrahospital setting does not occur nearly as much as previously thought (Long, Beres, Olsen & Musser, 2014). This is an important finding for health care facilities, because it changes the way that…...

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References

Haba, E., Bouhdid, S., Solana, N., Marques, A., Espuny, M., Celma, M. & Manresa, A. (2014). Rhamnolipids as emulsifying agents for essential oil formulations:

Antimicrobial effect against Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Vol. 476 (2014) 134-141.

Kriegeskorte, A., Block, D., Drescher, M.., Windmuller, N.,Mellmann, A.,Baum, C., Neumann, C., Lore, N., Bragonzi, A., Liebau, E., Hertel, P., Seggeweiss, J., Becker, K., Proctoer, R., Peters, G., & Kahl, B. (2014). Inactivation of thyA in staphylococcus aureus attenuates virulence and has a strong impact on metabolism and virulence gene expression. mBio. Vol.5(4) 1-15

NouraNoura could be deemed a passionate Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) candidate. This particular candidate was born and raised in Canada and Jordan. However, when she was 6 years old, she moved to Ramallahm, in Palestine. Noura attended the American School of Palestine.There are a number of factors that drew Noura to MIT. To begin with, she found the Universitys community spirit enchanting. Although she appreciates the relevance of academics, she appears convinced that the learning environment can be greatly enhanced by other factors such as how people relate and connect with each other. Noura was categorical that this was the kind of environment capable of fostered her growth as a person. Noura was also drawn to MIT by the institutions AI oriented research as well as its robotics club.Noura has been passionate about robotics. Indeed, she had been part of the robotics club back in Palestine. She had also…...

Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fernandez-Lopez, J., and Perez-Alvarez, J.. 2008. Antibacterial activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.), mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oils. Journal of Food Safety 28: 567-576.
The article Antibacterial activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.), mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.), and orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oils is an explanation of the experiment conducted involving the testing of essential oils (EO's) from a variety of citrus sources as a means of inhibiting the growth of certain common bacteria. The author's stated purpose for this experiment was that since many consumers prefer natural based antimicrobial substances, they were testing naturally occurring EO's for their antibacterial properties. They did this by using six different strains of bacteria, grown on agar plates, and placing filter paper discs, 9mm in diameter and impregnated with between 2 and 40 L. Of…...

Peace
Freedom is the Foundation of Peace. Without freedom, there is no peace. America, by nature, stands for freedom, and we must always remember, we benefit when it expands. So we must stand by those nations moving toward freedom. We must stand up to those nations who deny freedom and threaten our neighbors or our vital interests. We must assert emphatically that the future will belong to the free. Today's world is different from the one we faced just several years ago. We are no longer divided into armed camps, locked in a careful balance of terror. Yet, freedom still has enemies. Our present dangers are less concentrated and more varied. They come from rogue nations, from terrorism, from missiles that threaten our forces, our friends, our allies and our homeland.

Since the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick between the kingdoms of Spain and France in 1697, the island of…...

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Bibliography

"Beginning of Diplomatic Relations." Department of Foreign Affairs and International Relations. (January 2004) Retrieved June 3, 2005 from  http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /latinamerica/haitirelations-en.asp.

Graham, Andrew. "Canada bolsters support to Haiti." Media Relations Office

Canadian International Development Agency. (July 2004) Retrieved June 3, 2005 from

The women sustainably harvest items from the forest, and how produce essential oils, lotions, and soaps from the ingredients they harvest. Because they only harvest ingredients instead of using the entire plant, the forest lives on, while they still are earning an income from the sales of their products.
Many experts have ideas about how to improve on sustainable development in the region. Another expert says, "For instance, improving the monitoring of species loss reduces ignorance about the ecological system and may lead to patents for medicinal plants. The latter enables synergies that integrate indigenous knowledge into management/conservation" (eyer). Convincing companies to invest in these types of development have often fallen on deaf ears because of costs. Many very large global corporations have large operations in the rainforest, such as Mitsubishi and Georgia Pacific, and because the government essentially gives them free reign with little regulation, they exploit the rainforest…...

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References

Butler, Rhett a. "Deforestation in the Amazon." Mongabay.com. 2009. 19 March 2010.

.

Editors. "Rainforest Facts." Raintree Nutrition. 2010. 19 March 2010.

.

Gender and Smell Recognition
WHOSE IS SHARPER?

It is common belief that women have a sharper sense of smell than men. However, there are separate studies suggesting that the sense is as strong in men as in women. Can women really identify smells better than men? Is women's sense of smell stronger in detecting certain types of scents, like cologne and perfume?

Feminine Smelling Ability Superior

Standard tests establish the superiority of women's smelling ability to that of men in terms of odor detection, discrimination and identification (SIRC, 2012). Women convincingly scored higher than men in these tests. A research said that this capability in females was shown in studied female newborns. ut other studies can refute this established finding. A separate study hinted that this feminine capability may be stronger to certain scents but not to others. Female sensitiveness to smell has been demonstrated to be 10,000 stronger to male pheromones during ovulation…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bjorn, G. (2011). Olfaction differences between the sexes. Science and Technology:

The Daily Smell. Retrieved on April 26, 2012 from http://dev.thedailysmell.com/2010/11/12/science-of-smell-olfaction-differences-between-the-sexes

Bhuta, M.F. (2007). Sex and the nose: human pheromonal responses. 100 (6) The

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine: The Royal Society of Medicine. Retrieved on April 26, 2012 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1885393

Migraine Management
Migraine, also known as hemi crania and megrim, is a severe and recurring headache. Commonly known as sick headache, it often affects only one side of the head, and is usually accompanied by nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and sensitivity to motion, light sound and odors.

'The, International Headache Society (HIS) has created a checklist by which migraine can be diagnosed. This is a simplified, standardized and globally accepted diagnostic test for migraine. The following criteria define common migraine, which is the migraine without aura:

A patient should have had at least five of these headaches.

The headache lasts from 4 to 72 hours.

The headache must have at least two of the following:

a. One sided location.

Pulsing or throbbing quality.

c. Moderate or severe intensity, making daily activities difficult or impossible to perform

d. Headache is worsened by routine physical activity. Such a bending over or climbing stairs.

The Headache is accompanied by at least one of…...

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Reference:

1. Stewart J. Tepper, M.D, 2004, Understanding Migraine and Other Headaches, Jackson, Ms. Publication, University Press of Mississippi.

2. Kathleen M. Heins, April 2003, Stopping migraine pain: don't let the doctor dismiss your migraine symptoms. New medicines and treatments are giving millions of women relief from the worst headache of all - Second Opinion, Better Homes and Gardens.

3. Ben Harder, Feb 19, 2005, Against the migraine: a procedure's serendipitous success hints that some headaches start in the heart, Science News.

4. Karen Goldberg Goff, August 1, 1999, HEADING OFF Migraine pain: Finding "Trigger," Right Treatment for debilitating pain, The Washington Times, pg: 1.

Functional benefits

Using Ponds reduces the appearance of fine lines, makes the skin feel softer and less irritated by the elements, and can also make the removal of makeup easier.

Psycho-social implication

Using Ponds makes a consumer feel more attractive, feminine, and conveys an overall sense of well-being. It makes the consumer feel as if she is making herself beautiful without spending a great deal of money. It also enables the consumer to remove her makeup, which is supposed to be 'good for the skin.

Instrumental values

Using Ponds immediately gives the consumer a sense of well-being, makes the skin appear softer momentarily, and also cleans the face.

Terminal values

Using Ponds night after night makes the consumer feel good about using a trusted product, allows the consumer to save money (versus using a department store brand) while still allows the consumer to enjoy the positive benefits of using a beauty cream, including softer skin and a…...

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Reference

Biggest beauty trends of 2013. (2013). MSN. Retrieved:

 http://living.msn.com/style-beauty/makeup-skin-care-hair-tips/biggest-beauty-trends-of-2013-plus-five-trends-that-we-hope-go-away-in-2013#12 

Top 8 moisturizers by Consumer Reports. (2012). QVC. Retrieved:

 http://community.qvc.com/forums/Beauty-Banter/topic/223354/top-8-moisturizers-by-consumer-reports.aspx

1. Proper supplementation: Supplements like selenium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation and improve thyroid function.

2. Balanced diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help support overall health and manage symptoms of Hashimoto's.

3. Stress management techniques: Stress can exacerbate symptoms of Hashimoto's, so it's important to implement stress-reducing techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises.

4. Regular exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve thyroid function, boost metabolism, and reduce inflammation associated with Hashimoto's.

5. Herbal remedies: Herbs like ashwagandha, licorice root, and bladderwrack may help improve thyroid function and....

Key Findings

Cinnamon is a highly valuable spice with increasing global demand. Its versatility in culinary, medicinal, and aromatic applications has led to a growing export market.
Cinnamon production is concentrated in a few countries, with Sri Lanka and Indonesia being the ?????? exporters. Other producers include Vietnam, China, and India.
Cinnamon export management systems vary significantly between countries. Some countries have well-organized and efficient systems, while others face challenges in meeting international standards and ensuring traceability.
Key elements of successful cinnamon export management systems include:
Effective quality control and grading
Traceability systems to track cinnamon from farm to market
....

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Recent Findings and Literature Reviews

Introduction

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of ionic liquids that have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. DESs are typically formed by combining a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a certain molar ratio. The resulting mixture often exhibits a melting point significantly lower than that of its individual components.

Physicochemical Properties of DESs

DESs possess several distinctive physicochemical properties that make them attractive for various applications. These properties include:

- Low melting point: DESs typically melt....

1. Setting aside a specific time each day to read, such as right before bed or during a morning coffee break.

2. Creating a cozy reading nook with comfortable seating, a soft blanket, and a warm beverage.

3. Lighting a scented candle or using essential oils to create a relaxing atmosphere.

4. Incorporating music or ambient sounds that enhance the mood of the book you're reading.

5. Taking breaks to reflect on and savor the passages that resonate with you.

6. Keeping a journal to jot down thoughts, quotes, or insights from your reading.

7. Pairing your reading with a treat, such as a piece of....