Group Annotated Bib
Annotated Bibliography

Crits-Christoph, P., ohnson, .E., Connolly Gibbons, M.B., & Gallop, R. (2013). Process predictors of the outcome of group drug counseling. ournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(1), 23-34.

The authors report that 93% of the substance abuse treatment programs in the United States use some form of group counseling and majority of these are based on 12 -- step programs that require abstinence and the philosophy that is typically advocated in these programs such as getting a sponsor, following the 12 -- steps, etc. In addition, the authors cite evidence that group counseling is considered particularly effective for substance abuse and that there are several mechanisms by which group counseling is thought to be effective. These mechanisms include: the therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, self-disclosure, and feedback from group members and the counselor. In order to test if these variables contribute to the outcome of group counseling for cocaine….

) may typically be used in the conduction of the activity; and 3) Activities can be standardized and adapted with a minimum of alteration for use across groups and members so that a common framework can be replicated. (Trotzer, 2004)
The main feature of activities are:

1) Technical; and 2) Mechanical and have "...parameters and directions that make them merely tools." (Trotzer, 2004)

Categorization of the activities of a group are on the basis of:

1) focus; and 2) types of communication involved and may be intrapersonal or interpersonal with communication that is verbal or nonverbal in nature. Intrapersonal activities are for the purpose of enhancing communications between individuals in the group and are 'nonverbal' activities. All activities of the group are within one of the following categories:

Verbal Interpersonal Activities;

Non-Verbal Intrapersonal Activities; and Non-Verbal Interpersonal Activities. (Trotzer, 2004)

Some activities may be characterized by nonverbal and verbal activities with the example given being: "...where a….

The preconception among many healthcare providers is that alcohol and drug use issues "are problems of the young" and hence, the article offers doctors, psychologists, nurses and other healthcare professionals to "wake-up call" that indeed older people suffer from "bereavement feelings of loneliness or depression" which often leads them into abusing alcohol and drugs (General OneFile). It seems that a group counseling session involving older people could achieve positive results if the therapist embraced Client-Centered therapy. Indeed, older people respond when respected.
Adlerian Group Therapy: The approach of Adlerian is to institute the "4 R's" (respect, responsibility, responsiveness and resourcefulness); and in the process, group members' introductions do not say "Hi, I'm John and I'm an alcoholic" because that forces people "to identify themselves with the lowest point in their lives" (Prinz, 1994, 351). One interesting strategy in Adlerian therapy is when a group member talks about herself for a….

Goup counseling helps to advance self undestanding and awaeness which may combat epessive tendencies. Teaching coping skills in a goup setting can help paticipants to develop needed tools and stimulate psychological gowth (Lambie & Sias, 2009).
Paticipants in goup counseling also lean positive intepesonal/social skills that can be genealized beyond the hospital setting and applied in daily living (Shechtman, 2004). Cance patients lean to adapt to novel social situations and build appot among pees in this setting (Finebeg, Hohnson, Leiden, & Lynch, 1956; Shechtman). It has also been shown that goup counseling has high efficacy in impoving coping and adaptation skills (Baakat et al., 2003). This is especially helpful in this population, as individuals who have/have had cance may have less oppotunity to engage in social and pee situations which einfoce adaptive social development, due to medical needs (Baakat). This intefeence in the social developmental continuum can have lasting effects….

Notably, such groups are applicable in nonmedical atmosphere to help people not diagnosed with mental health issues. Given the significance of interpersonal and personal issues, the group leaders must work in unity with the clients to settle on the group sessions and its direction. Participants will be allowed to discuss their familial and interpersonal issues or stressors that they can determine that link to divorce and its effects. In the course of the procedure, participants will be inspired to be accountable for their own emotional and psychological development.
Leadership skills and verbal techniques will be employed to ensure that the group members are attentive and understand the concerns of each the group members. Group counseling with divorce families can be very practical, it can make therapy much affordable at a period when parents are strained financially. People require more structure in their group, such as weekly activities, which help them,….

hat he mentions that other authors did not mention -- and this paper views as imperative -- is for the facilitator to understand the salient goal he must have in mind is not abstinence but simply to encourage the client to return for the next appointment. According to the literature, the trend in group therapy leans towards client-centered, empathy-infused, open-minded and respectful treatment of clients, which is diametrically opposed to the stuffy, arrogant tactics of the past (i.e., "doctor knows best" didactical approach).
Adlerian Group Therapy

Adlerian group counseling "lends itself to brief interventions and short-term formats," according to author Gerald Corey. hat the author means by that is, using Adlerian strategies (explaining to the client that there are time limitations) can help "motivate both client and therapist to stay focused on desired outcomes" and to be super efficient in dealing with the present and the future but not the past….

Chapter 9: Treating Couples

Here Papp acknowledges that the criteria to be used when deciding to treat a couple rather than the entire family vary from therapist to therapist (p. 138). Papp focuses on martial therapy specifically, and suggests that the major criteria to be used in this case are the "definition of the presenting problem as a martial problem and a commitment and ability on the part of the couple to worn on their marriage" for at minimum 12 sessions (p. 139).

Further the central theme Papp focuses on is the notion that no matter what the problem in couples therapy the therapist must look for reciprocity in the relationship and the central notion around which this reciprocity is organized (p. 140). The ideas is that couples tend to choose partners where they are more likely to fall into patterns of over-adequacies and inadequacies that can normally be balanced, but often….

The closing phase is important. Here, group members will be reminded of the fact that everything said inside the group session is confidential, and must therefore remain within the context of the group. If anything is shared, it must be done so anonymously. Then, the group members will be asked to write 2-3 goals for the group and for themselves. This will help them actualize what they want from the group experience. The meeting time will again be confirmed and any questions will be allowed.

Not all populations will require the same style of leadership. There will need to be special considerations for populations with special challenges. For example, working with adolescents is especially challenging because of the emotional and cognitive developmental processes. Often times, adolescents do not fully understand the final nature of death and have a much harder time processing it emotionally. They grieve much differently than adults because….

Another helpful technique is introducing topics. Although this sounds like a very simple suggestion, at times group leaders may forget the fact that those whom they are leading may be shy or uncertain of their purpose. By reminding members of their collective goal the leader can enable the group to break an impasse (Jacobs 2012: 265-266). Introducing topics can also be used to direct the group's attention away from controversial issues. Sometimes more formal stimulating exercises, such as group decision-making activities, scenarios, and trust games are required to create and facilitate group bonds and break through final emotional barriers (Jacobs 2012: 266). Group members can also be given outside 'homework' to enable them to function more effectively.

Group leaders should be aware of the fact that the group is a living, breathing entity and is constantly subject to change: group members may regress to earlier stages of development as well as….

support group for women who have been incarcerated in relation to the necessary steps in this process. The discussion begins by providing an overview of the significance of support groups in dealing with various issues affecting groups or populations with common characteristics. The author also includes a general outlook of developing and starting a support group. This is followed by an analysis of the significance of such a group to women who have been incarcerated and necessary considerations in this process. The final segment provides a discussion of the various steps and important factors on how to start a support group for women who have been incarcerated.
Support Group for Incarcerated Women

There are several kinds of support groups that are created to offer support to different groups of people depending on the respective situations. Some major examples of issues addressed by the creation of support groups include parenting, skills development….

Frequently in a correctional facility, disruptive group members may not be content with simply interrupting the group sessions but may actually go so far as to be belligerent or threatening to the facilitator or to other group members. ather than derailing the group progress, this can actually be an important part of the process because it forces all group members to confront the type of anti-social behavior that resulted in their incarceration. Likewise, in substance abuse groups, whether inside or outside of a correctional institute, one can expect a certain amount of denial and belligerence in some group members because both characteristics are classic parts of the underlying disease of addiction. It is important to keep in mind that groups of similarly situated people can be very effective at identifying evasive and disruptive behavior, and that group members may identify it even before the facilitator notices it. Furthermore, group….

Counseling: Group SessionsGroup Counseling Plan 1Group name: At-risk high school studentsGroup topic:Ice-breaking among the group participants, getting to know each other, accepting cultural differences, and building trust between themSession focus:Conducting an ice-breaking talking session so that all the newcomers who might have met each other for the first time and are now face-to-face to reveal about themselves should become comfortable with each other. In the initial stage, it is inevitable to be shy and disclose private information to strangers to the participants. For this aim, social acceptance in this stage would be made convenient. They would be prompted to leave their fears behind and reduce their stress that might worsen if it had commenced from low-income family dynamics or personal confusions of adolescence.Time/duration:30 minutesSession No.:1 of 6Stage of group:Initial stage and transition stageGroup norms:Certain norms would be set for the first and the rest of the session so that each….

One of the dangers of teen suicide is that there is an alarming tendency of 'copycat' suicides. Teens who feel that 'no one understands their pain' envy the attention given to a 'successful' suicide or suicide attempt. They may see suicide as a way out of their misery. What was once a fantasy may now sound more real and feasible. That is why talking is so important. Group leaders must take the emotional temperature of both the group and individual teens. They must also be prepared for the anger some teens may show at the suicide, viewing it as a betrayal and a cop-out. Teens who feel angry vs. sad or who identify with the suicide may feel at odds with one another, and the group leaders must offer a 'safe space' to vent frustrations, while still leading the discussion in a positive direction.

The fourth stage, debriefing, occurs days or….

Gesalt Theory
The author of this report is asked to answer to several questions. First, a definition and summary of the major constructs of the Gestalt Theory are to be explained. Next, the practical applications and implications of the Gestalt Theory and how they apply to group counseling will be enumerated. Third, the goals, leader responsibility, member responsibility and techniques used will be laid out. Lastly, the author of this paper's perspective will be shared regarding how the Gestalt theory may or may not be used in a group setting and how it specifically can be used to help at-risk teens.

Questions Answered

The two main tenets of Gestalt therapy is "here and now" experience and personal responsibility. It was developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman. The objective is to become more "alive" more aware and creative in addressing issues that require therapy. The method relies heavily on the relationship….

Group Psychology: Theoretical Approaches to Group Counseling
Case Vignette 2: Phil, the Japanese-American

Phil, a Japanese-American expresses his discomfort and anxiety during the second meeting of his group. A keen listener, he is having difficulty speaking up whenever he is required to, and he is contemplating leaving because he understands that all members are required to participate. Moreover, he fears rejection so he prefers to sit back and watch during the group meetings. To prevent them from leaving, some group members plead with him to give them a second chance; some ask him not to quit and challenge him to prove he is not a coward; while others resort to pressuring him to remain in the group.

Interventions for those attempting to coerce Phil to remain in the group

Every individual works as part of team or in a group at some point in life and therefore, it is imperative to understand how group….