Infection Control
Surgical site infections are a major issue for any hospital and the eradication of these events is the goal of hospitals and regulatory agencies. The Joint Commission completed a surveillance of the hospital and they gave specific advice regarding surgical site infection control and the results that they had gathered. This particular plan focuses on infection control because it a very critical area that can cause dire issues with patients and leave the hospital with both fiscal and reputational problems. To address the issues with infection control the Joint Commission guidelines state that

"Infection control includes the surveillance/identification, prevention and control of infections among patients/clients/residents/, employees, physicians, and other licensed independent practitioners, contract service workers, volunteers, students and visitors" (Joint Commission, 2010). This comprehensive view of infection control is an important consideration when developing a plan to ensure that all of the areas in the Joint Commission accreditation survey are…...

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References

Centers for Disease Control (2010). FAQs (frequently asked questions) about "surgical site infections." Retrieved from  

The central theme that is discussed is the importance of matching the patient and therapy correctly in order to facilitate the best possibility of positive treatment and healing.
The article also provides an overview of mind - body therapy and the way that it relates to the mind's ability to aid the bodily functions in fighting diseases like cancer. There are various modes of this therapy, which can include methods such as meditation, music therapy, art therapy and other aspects under the domain of mind-body therapy. The article also emphasizes the acceptance of various alternative therapeutic strategies in the fight against cancer.

The importance of matching the right patient to the right therapy is underscored by references to the necessary procedures and assessments as required by the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses standards. Note is also made of the three central questions that should be asked when attempting to match patient…...

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References

Hadaway. L.C. (2206) Keeping Central Line Infection at Bay. Nursing 2006. Vol.

36, no.4.

Ott M.J. (2006) Mind- Body therapies for the Pediatric Oncology patient:

Matching the Right Therapy With the Right patient. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. Vol. 23. no.5. p 254 -257

70% 36-38 0-0-5 Overall Rate
SIP 2a Subtotal

Measure Title

Data Period

Rate/Value

Numerator

Denominator

Missing

Excluded

Cat-E) Invalid Cases

Population

Numerator

SIP 2b Data Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04 surgical patients

CAG Sep-04-100% 10-10 0-0-33 SIP 2b Subtotal

SIP 2c Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04

Cardiac Surgery

Sep-04 0-1 0-0-42 SIP 2c Subtotal

SIP 2d Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04 hip arthroplasty

Sep-04-100% 8-8 0-0-35 SIP 2d Subtotal

Measure Title

Data Period

Rate/Value

Numerator

Denominator

Missing

Excluded

Cat-E) Invalid Cases SIP 2e

Population

Numerator

Data Data Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04 surgical patients

Knee arthroplasty

SIP 2e Subtotals

SIP 2f Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04 surgical patients

Colon Surgery

SIP 2f Subtotals

SIP 2h Prophylactic

Jul-04

Antibiotic selection for Aug-04 surgical patients

Vascular surgery

SIP 2h Subtotals

Measure Title

Data Period

Rate/Value

Numerator

Denominator

Missing

Excluded

Cat-E) Invalid Cases Population Numerator Data SIP 3a Prophylactic

Jul-04 antibiotics d/c'd within 24 hours after Aug-04 surgery end time

Overall Rate

SIP 3a Subtotal

SIP 3b Prophylactic

Jul-04 antibiotics d/c'd within 24 hours after Aug-04 surgery end time

CAG Sep-04-70% 7-10 0-0-33 SIP 3b Subtotal

SIP 3c Prophylactic

Jul-04 antibiotics d/c'd within 24 hours after Aug-04 surgery end time

Cardiac Surgery

SIP 3c Subtotal

Measure Title

Data Period

Rate/Value

Numerator

Denominator

Missing

Excluded

Cat-E) Invalid Cases

Population

Numerator

SIP 3d Data Prophylactic

Jul-04 antibiotics d/c'd within…...

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Bibliography

Auerbach AD. (2001) Prevention of Site Infection. Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices,

Classen DC, Evans RS, Pestonik SL, Horn SD, Memlove RL, Burke JP. (1999) the timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics and the risk of surgical wound infection.. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol., 20(4); 247-78.

Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (1997). Nosocomial Infections in surgical patients; comparison of two measures of intrinsic patient risk. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol., 19-23

Gysenna, IC. (1999). Preventing postoperative infection - current treatment recommendations. Drugs, 175-85.

HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) survey offers hospitals and other healthcare centered organizations and facilities the ability to assess how patients perceive the quality of care. While hospitals have implemented this kind of survey in the past, HCAHPS allows the data to be displayed publically and provides national data to allow for valid comparisons across hospitals nationally, regionally, and locally. This data display adds pressure to hospitals to improve their quality of care and increase their accountability. Quality improvement measures are what has resulted from the increase transparency. Such common quality measures hospitals look to highlight are:
Medication econciliation/Error

Infection Control

Fall Prevention

Decrease eadmission rate

San Diego, California is where the selected home care agency is located. The California summary of HCAHPS survey results for July 2014 to June 2015 is 75, 78, 62, 69, 61, 70, 51, 85, 49, 68, 69, and 311, with a 26% response rate.…...

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References

Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M., & Moro, M. et al. (2013). Global implementation of WHO's multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(10), 843-851.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099 (13)70163-4

Bouldin, E., Andresen, E., Dunton, N., Simon, M., Waters, T., & Liu, M. et al. (2012). Falls Among Adult Patients Hospitalized in the United States. Journal Of Patient Safety, 1.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pts.0b013e3182699b64 

Nakamura, M., Toomey, S., Zaslavsky, A., Berry, J., Lorch, S., & Jha, A. et al. (2014). Measuring Pediatric Hospital Readmission Rates to Drive Quality Improvement. Academic Pediatrics, 14(5), S39-S46.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.012 

Weber, R. & Moffatt-Bruce, S. (2014). Medication Reconciliation Error. Patient Safety, 115-127.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7419-7_8

For this project, I elected to experience the leadership role in a clinical practice with a family nurse practitioner (FNP). Towards this end, my area of specialty will be infection prevention and control in a short-term and long-term rehabilitation facility. The relevance of this clinical experience cannot be overstated when it comes to the further enhancement of my professional capabilities. As a matter of fact, I regard it a rite of passage as I seek to gather additional insight in my field of specialization for enhanced patient care in a clinical setting. Being fully aware of the diversity of the patient-care environment, I would want to be prepared to address various healthcare-related issues and concerns in an able and professional manner. This is more so the case given that the nursing field is very broad – effectively meaning that those in this noble profession ought to be prepared to function in…...

nurse in a hospital environment -- and other healthcare workers including a student conducting a capstone requirement -- must take great precautions when it comes to infectious diseases like influenza. Not only does the healthcare professional need to protect patients, the professional must take all available steps to be sure he or she is protected before serving others in the hospital.
This is a SOT analysis of a student nurse who is following (shadowing) a Registered Nurse working on a floor where there are infectious diseases. The analysis begins with the Strengths that the nurse must exhibit while at work on her floor; followed by the eaknesses that are apparent or expected; next are the Opportunities; followed by the Threats that the student nurse must learn about and relate to.

Strengths

Being forewarned is being fore-armed for protection, and in the case of the infectious disease influenza, every fall doctors and healthcare…...

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Works Cited

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Influenza. Retrieved November 15, 2014,

From  http://www.cdc.gov .

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. (2010). Influenza (Flu). Retrieved November

15, 2014, from  http://www.nfid.org .

Failure to implement infection control precautions can lead to potential complications that include the spread of infection to otherwise healthy individuals within the ward or facility where the infection occurs and even out into the community through visitors who become infected (Banach, Bearman, Morgan & Munoz-Price, 2015). Thus, complications that arise from infection spreading may not be confined to the hospital or facility where they occur but can easily become an issue that impacts the outside world as well. Examples abound, whether they are influenza related, SARS-related, and so on. Communities can suffer significantly when even the simplest infection control precautions are not followed by nurses in health care facilities.
Another potential complication can be resource-related, as infection spreading can lead to a drain on resources as procedures are put in place to stem the spread and deal with contamination, quarantine and clean-up (Koutlakis-Barron & Hayden, 2016; Revolinski, Huang & Gibble,…...

If there are people, of whatever nationality, who will be found guilty of creating and scattering MD, will be subjected to penalties and/or punishment which will be imposed by the overall leader o the UN itself. More so, countries which will be proven allowing the research and development and eventual use of MD should also be asked to answer from the call of the UN.
The entire populace can also share their efforts to controlling the use of any form of MD, thereby preventing any possibility of massive deaths or environment destruction. People must voice out their concern. The people should be activist enough in letting their leaders know how they want the use of MD to be abolished. The media can play a detrimental role in airing and showing how the people, across all nations, are against any form of MD. Newspapers, magazines, TV programs, radio stations, are good…...

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Works Cited

Collins, Robin, 2005. A step in the right direction: the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction. Ploughshares Monitor

Everett, R 2004. Introduction to Weapons of Mass Destruction - Radiological, Chemical and Biological. Langford Chichester: John Wiley & Sons

Kalyadin, Alexander 2003. A strategy for active Non-Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Publication: Military Thought

Essay Topic Examples
1. The revalence and Impact of Surgical Site Infections in Modern Healthcare:
    This essay would explore the current data on the frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs), their impact on patient outcomes, length of hospital stays, and the resulting financial burden on healthcare systems. It would also delve into the importance of SSI surveillance and the effectiveness of prevention strategies.

2. Antibiotic Resistance and Surgical Site Infection revention:
    This topic deals with the challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the context of SSIs. The essay would examine how resistance impacts the prophylaxis and treatment of infections, the role of antibiotic stewardship, and the development of new strategies to prevent SSIs in an era of increasing resistance.

3. Surgical Site Infection Control rotocols: A Comparative Analysis:
    An analysis of various infection control protocols would be the focus here, comparing the effectiveness of different perioperative practices, including skin preparation, surgical techniques, wound care,…...

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Primary Sources

Mangram, Alicia J., et al. \"Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999.\" Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 20, no. 4, Apr. 1999, pp. 250-278.

Ban, Kiwon, et al. \"Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\" Scientific Reports, vol. 7, 2017, Article number: 10311.

Anderson, Deverick J., et al \"Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update.\" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 35, no. 6, June 2014, pp. 605-627.

Leaper, David J., et al. \"Surgical Site Infection - A European Perspective of Incidence and Economic Burden.\" International Wound Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, Dec. 2004, pp. 247-273.

Kirkland, Katherine B., et al. \"The Impact of Surgical-Site Infections in the 1990s: Attributable Mortality, Excess Length of Hospitalization, and Extra Costs.\" Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 1999, pp. 725-730.

Essay Topic Examples

1. revention Strategies for Surgical Site Infections:
    This topic explores various methods and protocols that can be implemented to reduce the incidence of infections at surgical sites, including pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative care.

2. The Economic Impact of Surgical Site Infections:
    Discusses the financial burden on healthcare systems due to surgical site infections, including costs related to extended hospital stays, additional treatments, and legal implications.

3. Antibiotic Resistance and Surgical Site Infections:
    Focuses on how antibiotic resistance affects the treatment of surgical site infections, exploring the challenges in managing infections when common antibiotics are less effective.

4. atient Education and Surgical Site Infection:
    Examines the role of patient education in preventing surgical site infections, detailing what patients should know before, during, and after surgery to minimize infection risks.

5. Technological Advances in Reducing Surgical Site Infections:
    Looks at how new technologies like antimicrobial sutures, negative pressure wound therapy, and advanced sterilization techniques are being used to combat…...

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Primary Sources

Primary Sources

Horan, Teresa C., et al.

Anderson, Deverick J., et al.

Mangram, Alicia J., et al.

Berrios-Torres, Sandra I., et al.

Gul, Sheraz, et al.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Description of the communicable disease

Infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global epidemic. It causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The major causal sources of this communicable disease are through semen, blood, breast milk of infected mothers, and vaginal fluid. In addition, the virus can be found in sweat, saliva, and also tears; however, in the latter cases, generally not in sufficient amounts to cause spreading of the virus to another individual. The main common means of being infected with HIV are through having unprotected sex and through sharing of needles. HIV may be transferred through unprotected heterosexual or homosexual anal, vaginal, and perhaps oral sex. Even though the risk of infection is minimal with oral sex, there remains the same imperative to use protection such as a condom in the course of oral sex. Due to new treatments, the risk of spreading…...

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References

Aids.gov. (2015). Global HIV / AIDS Organizations. Retrieved 19 May 2014 from:  https://www.aids.gov/federal-resources/around-the-world/global-hiv-aids-organizations/ 

Body and Health Canada. (2015). HIV / AIDS. Retrieved 19 May 2014 from:  http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_condition_info_details.asp?channel_id=1020&relation_id=70907&disease_id=1&page_no=2 

Cabieses Valdes, B.B. (2011). The living conditions and health status of international immigrants in Chile: Comparisons among international immigrants, and between them and the Chilean-born.

CDC. (2012). CDC Global Health Strategy 2012 -- 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2014 from:  http://www.cdc.gov /globalhealth/strategy/pdf/CDC-GlobalHealthStrategy.pdf

Amin, B et al. (2013). Pitfalls of calculating hospital readmission rates based on nonvalidated administrative data sets. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 18(2): 134-138.
This study examines the University of California's Medical Center in San Francisco in order to determine if its all-cause readmission rates accurately reflect the readmission rates for spine injury patients. The secondary purpose of the study is to identify readmission predictors. The researchers collected data from 5780 consecutive patient visits. 5% of the visitors were readmitted within a month of their discharge. The researchers examined variables that led to their readmission and regression analysis was conducted in order to spot predictors. A t-test was also used to see if there was any difference in admission vs. non-readmission incidents. The researchers found that infection was the number one variable leading to readmission, inoperable management the second most common variable, and planned surgery the third most common variable for…...

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Kachalia, A. (2013). Improving patient safety through transparency. New England

Journal of Medicine, 369: 1677-1679.

This study provides a qualitative review of why transparency is helpful in health care. The researcher shows that openness with patients and clinical health care providers is essential to maintaining a relationship of trust, accountability, and of improving patient safety. The more forthcoming with information that health care providers are with patients, the more forthcoming patients are likely to be with their providers. The research indicates that many health care organizations are still behind the curve when it comes to developing a workplace culture that actively promotes and facilitates transparency. The study indicates that a principled and formal approach to addressing errors in disclosure would go a long way in supporting a culture of transparency. This study is helpful in identifying an issue in nursing that requires attention for the good of both patient and practitioner.

After 10 days, when pharyngeal infection becomes more acute, patients have an increased risk for myocarditis and peripheral neuritis. These can result in circulatory loss and loss of motor functions in the peripheral organs. Diphtherial infection should be immediately treated and even suspected cases should be treated on a prophylactic basis since the infection has a high mortality rate. Airway management is critical for patients presenting with respiratory complications. Intubation is essential in cases where the laryngeal membrane growth affects normal breathing process. Failure to secure airway passage is one of the main causes of death due to diphtheria. . [Allysia & Mark, 2009]
Firstline medication involves antibiotic treatment with penicillin or erythromycin to control bacterial growth and the use of antipyretics to control temperature. . Concurrent intravenous treatment with Diphtheria antitoxin is also critical to check the spread of the toxin and control further tissue damage. Patients manifesting respiratory…...

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Bibliography

1) Allysia M. Guy & Mark a Silverberg, (Oct 2009), 'Diphtheria', Accessed March 7th 2010, available at,  http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-overview

Behavioral risk for HIV infection among gay and bisexual men in the United States
According to reports published by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), they state that by the year 2004, more than nine hundred and forty thousand individuals in the United States of America had been diagnosed with AIDS, majority of who were gay men and African-Americans. This report including others have brought the issue of HIV infection in gay and bisexual men into sharp focus and more in particular the behavioral risks that the group exposes themselves to, which have contributed to the sharp increase in HIV infection amongst members of this group. This research intends to focus of this behavioral risk and preventive measures that have been established to prevent HIV infection in gay and bisexual men in the United States.

Behavioral risk

Another recent research conducted by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention show that the…...

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References

Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, E., (2008), Psychology, Word publishers, pp 232-234

Kelly, J.A. (1992). HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: An experimental analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1483 -- 1489.

Latkin, C.A., Sherman, S., & Knowlton, A. (2003). HIV prevention among drug users: Outcome of a network-oriented peer outreach intervention. Health Psychology, 22, 332 -- 339.

Wasserheit, J.N., & Aral, S.O., (1996), the dynamic topology of sexually transmitted disease epidemics: Implications for prevention strategies. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 201 -- 213.

Case Study: Urinary Tract Infection CHIEF COMPLAINT: Urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for the past three days and dribbling urination.
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: A patient visits complaining about urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for three days and dribbling urination. He is an African American who is 58 years old. However, he denies having fever.
Assessment
This 58-year-old man describes his symptoms as having urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for three days and dribbling urination. These symptoms show that he has a urinary tract infection commonly known as UTI. This infection has been often diagnosed in older adults. Most of the times, it has been diagnosed in residents with long-term care. This accounts for over a third of all infections associated…...

Infection control specifically refers to stopping the spread of disease in healthcare settings and during health care procedures, such as surgeries.  It is a catchall phrase that refers to a wide variety of behaviors or practices that can result in the elimination or reduction of disease transmission in these settings.  We are happy to provide you with some suggested topics and titles for an essay about infection control.

Essay Topics

Best hygiene practices for pre-surgical prep of skin to prevent surgical-site infections

Does the routine use of masks in non-surgical medical examinations and routines reduce infectious disease transmission....

Infection may be the biggest health risk for people who have wounds, making wound care critical to ensuring a positive patient outcome.  Wound care not only improves mortality but can also impact social and physical expectations for a patient, which means that appropriate wound care can be one of the biggest issues impacting doctors or nurses who deal with any type of injury.  However, wound care focuses substantially on infection control, because infections present the greatest long-term hazards from wounds.

Generally, wound care is broken down into four or five basic steps.  Those....

Outline for an Essay on Norovirus

Introduction

Hook: Begin with a captivating statistic or personal anecdote related to norovirus.
Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument of the essay, which should focus on the significance, impact, or management of norovirus.

Body Paragraph 1: Epidemiology and Transmission

Define norovirus and explain its characteristics.
Describe the epidemiology of norovirus, including its prevalence and geographic distribution.
Discuss the modes of transmission, emphasizing the role of contaminated food, water, and surfaces.

Body Paragraph 2: Symptoms and Complications

Describe the typical symptoms of norovirus infection, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
Explain the potential complications of norovirus,....

1. The importance of proper hand hygiene in preventing infections
2. The role of vaccinations in infection control
3. Strategies for preventing healthcare-associated infections in hospitals
4. The impact of antimicrobial resistance on infection control efforts
5. The role of environmental cleaning in preventing the spread of infections
6. The challenges of controlling infections in long-term care facilities
7. The importance of proper infection control practices in dental settings
8. The role of education and training in promoting infection control
9. The relationship between infection control and patient safety
10. The effectiveness of outbreak response measures in controlling infectious diseases.
11. The impact of technology and innovation on infection control....