Nintendo Case Analysis In November, 1998, Nintendo launched Game Boy Color, the latest in its line of handheld videogame consoles and the first handheld Nintendo consoles to feature full-color graphics. Videogame sales had been declining over the previous decade, following the initial boom of the 1980s, and Nintendo's Game Boy sales in particular had dropped from its initial debut in 1989. Although the Game Boy was a resounding success considering the volatility of the videogame market, in many ways the launch of Game Boy Color was a make or break moment for Nintendo, because although it had beat out Atari, Sega, and others, it's supremacy was rapidly being challenged by Sony, whose Playstation console, with its sleek design and more "mature" range of software choices, threatened to make Nintendo seem old-fashioned and irrelevant. The importance of the launch was heightened even more in Canada, because Canada simultaneously represented one of the largest and arguably underserved markets, and Nintendo Canada was responsible for adapting elements of Nintendo of America's advertising campaign to fit its own unique context. Peter MacDougall, president of Nintendo Canada, was faced with a number of options concerning pricing and marketing, based not only on Canada's particular market but also the way videogames had been sold in the past.

While some of the thinking behind these options was productive, much of it was based on a myopic understanding of videogames role in the wider media landscapes, as well as the potential age range of the audience. Examining the available options with an eye towards the product's historical context and Canada's unique market reveals that MacDougall's best option would be to target kids, tweens, and adults, focus on hardware in print ads and software in television ads, and only use the cheapest elements of the consumer sampling program that require minimal support or maintenance. Although some of these decisions may appear counter-intuitive at first, examining them in conjunction will demonstrate how Nintendo Canada could use the launch of the Game Boy Color to dramatically increase its target market and profitability.

The first question to be addressed is the target market, because this will determine the rest of the marketing and run-up to launch, and is the area where Nintendo Canada has the greatest opportunity to do something truly impressive. At first glance the question appears to be between marketing the Game Boy color to either kids and tweens on the one hand or teens on the other, but this ignores a highly lucrative portion of the market, and one that, due to historical circumstances, would be especially primed for the new product; namely, adults, and in particular adults who were children when the first wave of videogame consoles came out in the early and mid 1980s. Although Nintendo of America was planning some print ads aimed at adults, historically they had not been considered a primary market, mainly due to the impression that videogames are for kids. However, someone who was thirteen at the time of the Nintendo Entertainment System's initial launch in 1985 would be twenty-five or twenty-six by the Game Boy Color's launch in 1998, just enough time to successfully capitalize on a sense of nostalgia while playing up the Game Boy Color's status as the latest "futuristic" gadget. Furthermore, this age group has far more disposable income than teens, and has the added benefit of making the Game Boy Color look "cool" precisely by making it look more adult; in the same way that MacDougall hoped that popularity with teens might translate to popularity with kids and tweens, marketing the Game Boy Color to adults in their mid-twenties would make it more attractive to teens precisely by presenting as a marker of age, status, or independence, things nearly every teen longs for but has in little supply.

At the same time, however, it would be foolish to ignore the popularity of videogames with kids, particularly if the launch is occurring right before Christmas. Thus, in addition to marketing the product to adults, MacDougall and Nintendo Canada would do well to simultaneously market the Game Boy Color to kids and tweens. As MacDougall noted, kids and tweens were less likely to own a Game Boy already, thus making it likely that Nintendo Canada could ensure that the Game Boy Color topped their Christmas lists for 1998. Intentionally targeting adults and tweens while implicitly ignoring teens has a number of benefits, and actually reduces the potential risks of marketing too heavily to one age group. For instance, by marketing the Game Boy Color to both tweens and adults,...

In effect, by essentially ignoring the teen market in favor of tweens and adults, MacDougall could reach practically every demographic without running the risk of one demographic's targeted marketing negatively influencing the Game Boy's appeal to neighboring age groups.
Furthermore, it could be worthwhile to include a focus on targeting females, due to the fact that they represents a largely untapped market, as "approximately 75 per cent of all Game Boy users are male." This does not have to represent an entirely separate marketing effort, but rather could simply be one element of the larger effort. For example, in advertisements that focus on software, special emphasis could be placed on Samus, the main character of the popular Metroid series of Nintendo games, who also happens to be a woman.

The selection of target markets leads one quite naturally to specific marketing communications, and particularly the media vehicles to be used. MacDougall planned to spend 80% of his advertising budget on television, but if the decision is made to market to kids, tweens, and adults, then this number would require some tweaking, particularly in regards to the amount allocated for print advertisement. Television would of course be effective for reaching a wide audience, and especially kids and tweens, who are less likely to read the kind of periodicals that might feature print advertisements. Because of this, television ads should highlight software, both to highlight the console's bright colors and to imbue the advertisements with the motion and excitement that is integral to videogames. Furthermore, because marketing targeting kids and tweens would be intended for an audience with little to no prior experience with Game Boys, the specifics of the hardware are actually less important, as there is no need to convince kids and tweens to upgrade.

In contrast, print advertisement should focus on the hardware itself, especially because these advertisements are more likely to reach adults (and teens, particularly if they are placed in comic books; in the same way that the videogame audience matured since the 1980s, so too has the comic book audience grown up over the course of the 1980s and 90s). Highlighting the hardware will not only make it easier to capitalize on adults' sense of nostalgia, but will also help to convince owners of other game consoles, whether handheld or stationary, that the Game Boy Color represents a dramatic enough technological shift that it is worth the upgrade price. Furthermore, by highlighting the fact that the Game Boy Color features new hardware but can play old games in print ads MacDougall could offer further incentive for adults and teens, who may already own numerous Game Boy games, to upgrade. Print advertisements would still represent a substantially smaller portion of the budget than television advertisements due to their respective costs, but by balancing the advertising budget more equally MacDougall could more effectively reach his target markets.

It is of paramount importance that the advertisements do not mention or allude to competitors for a number of reasons. Firstly, mentioning or alluding to any competing handheld consoles will diminish the Game Boy Color's biggest appeal by reminding the audience that a color handheld is nothing new. Although the Game Boy Color's screen features newer and better technology than its competitors, a parent buying a console for their kid or tween will likely not know or care about the difference, and attempting to point out these differences will only serve to reduce the Game Boy Color's sense of uniqueness. Those adults purchasing one for themselves will likely already be aware of the differences, and thus highlighting them will be unnecessary. Furthermore, if the marketing is to appeal to adults sense of nostalgia, it would be counterproductive to mention the Game Boy Color's contemporary competitors like Sega or Sony; instead, it should be presented as the evolution of Nintendo's past consoles. This is particularly true because in contrast to many of its competitors, Nintendo is an extremely old company, having gotten its start manufacturing playing cards in 1889, and by presenting the Game Boy Color as…