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Chojnacki, D.E., Ciccini, M.D. & White, L.T. (2008). An empirical basis for the admission of expert testimony on false confessions. 40 Ariz. St. L.J. 1 (2008).When a false confession has been extracted, the defendant on trial has few recourses. One of their recourses is to convince the jury that the confession was unethically extracted, by calling in expert witnesses in the field of psychology. These expert witnesses can show juries how and why false confessions occur, to show that they are relatively common as well as problematic. However, the authors claim that many judges disallow the expert testimony under the assumption that the jurors are familiar with the topic of false confessions. This article is tremendously helpful in my research because it shows not only that false confessions occur due to bad law enforcement procedures, but also that there is a widespread misperception of how pervasive the problem has become.
Garrett, B.L. (2010). The substance of false confessions. Stanford Law Review 62(4): 1051-1118.
This article examines the content of interrogations, including what was said by the interviewer and by the suspect. Garrett (2010) also shows how the text of the confession is used during key moments in the criminal justice procedure, leading to what the author calls...
1051). Because the interviewers plant ideas in the minds of the subjects, the confessions contain rich and detailed information about the crime, making the confessions seem real. Unfortunately, there are no safeguards against the predatory interrogation techniques used by law enforcement. This article is helpful for my research both in providing background information and also for providing possible solutions.
Gudjonssen, G.H. & Pearse, J. (2011). Suspect interviews and false confessions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 33-37.
This article compares the Reid technique, which is a common interrogation method used by law enforcement in the United States, with the PEACE model, which is used by British law enforcement. The latter stands for Preparation and Planning, Engage and Explain, Account and Clarification, Closure, and Evaluation, and is also used in Norway and New Zealand. This method is designed to better prepare the interviewer, and is based on truth finding rather than on extracting a confession. On the contrary, the Reid model is riddled with problems because it frequently leads to false confessions. This article will help my research by showing alternatives to the American model.
Kassin, S.M. (2008).…
A review of the literature unequivocally reveals false confessions are oftentimes deliberately sought after by overzealous criminal justice interrogators who are much more preoccupied with ascertaining a confession -- and an ensuing conviction -- than they are with ascertaining the truth about a particular crime. Organization This paper is organized by explaining the concept that false conceptions are deliberately extracted by far too many interrogators for the purposes of a conviction --
False confessions are an unfortunate part of the criminal justice system. False confessions are often extracted in order to gain a quick conviction without careful consideration for the facts of the case. This can lead to major problems for the defendant and the court system as defendants try to convince juries of unethically extracted confessions. While many in the criminal justice system believe, a false confession is a rare occurrence,
Research Question: When do police interrogation techniques lead to false confessions/false witness testimony, and how can false confessions be prevented? Annotation1 Reference: Forrest, K.D., Wadkins, T.A. & Larson, B.A. (2006). Suspect personality, police interrogations, and false confessions: Maybe it is not just the situation. Personality and Individual Differences 40(3): 621-628. Annotation: The authors empirically test the hypothesis that there are personality traits that might be associated with false confessions. The authors recognize that
Research Question DevelopmentCriminal psychology is one of the most exciting fields in the social sciences, partly because of the potential to make a difference in public policy and the criminal justice system. A criminal psychologist provides important information about things like why individuals make choices that lead to criminal behavior, or how a program can better help inmates readapt to their communities. Criminal psychologists can also show how eyewitness testimony
False Identification and Lineup Instructions Biased/Unbiased There are many instances where people have been wrongly accused only because they were falsely identified or either because there was not enough evidence present that would prove them guilty. George Allen Jr. was convicted in 1983 on the charges of capital murder, rape, sodomy and first degree burglary. It has been noted that the reason for his false conviction was false confession, invalid or
Research Question: When do police interrogation techniques lead to false confessions/false witness testimony, and how can false confessions be prevented? Annotation 1 Reference: Orlando, J. (2014). Interrogation techniques. OLR Research Report. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2014/rpt/2014-R-0071.htm Annotation The Office of Legislative Research (OLR) is a branch of the Connecticut state government, specifically the State Capitol and General Assembly. This is an OLR Research Report, published on the .gov site. Therefore, authority and credibility have been established using the