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Bell South Analysis
Exchange rates have variations of value from one country to another based on the variations of market conditions. (Exchange rates and interest rates, 2011) Fluctuations in currency result from comparing the Brazilian real to the U.S. Dollar. Losses result when the Brazilian real is lower in value than the U.S. Dollar. Gains will result when the Brazilian real is higher in value than the U.S. Dollar. Because the market conditions fluctuate on a continual basis, the exchange rates will also fluctuate on a continual basis because the exchange rates are based on the market conditions.
Normalized income is earnings adjusted for cyclical ups and downs in economy or, on the balance sheet, earnings are adjusted to remove unusual or one time influences. (Normalized Earnings) As exchange rates fluctuate and cause gains or losses, earnings are also adjusted. The normalized income amount is the amount that is adjusted due to the changes in the exchange rates. The exchange rates...
explains that the Brazilian real had a period of devaluation. Compared to the U.S. Dollar the Brazilian real was less value than the U.S. Dollar. When currency experiences a devaluation in value, it means the valuation of the currency is less than the currency in the company's home country. The devaluation period actually means the Brazilian real had a period of decline in value compared to the U.S. Dollar. Each time it declines, it will cause more losses to earnings until the final adjustment is made on the settlement date.
The statement about the further upward and downward adjustments comes from the fact that exchange rates will continue to fluctuate as the market conditions continue to have ups and downs in the value of goods, services, and currency. The amounts in the normalized income and the amounts for the losses can go upward or downward based…
Bibliography
Exchange rates and interest rates. (2011, Sept). Retrieved from European Commission: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Exchange_rates_and_interest_rates
McBride, C. (n.d.). Accounting for Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses. Retrieved from ehow: http://www.ehow.com/facts_6728729_accounting
Normalized Earnings. (n.d.). Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/normalizedearnings.asp#axzz1to9vf7TU
……South African Municipalities Municipal Revenue Loss Reduction through Improved Municipal Valuation Methodologies:Balance Sheet Enhancement of South African Municipalities to Improve Rates and Taxes Revenue GenerationAbstractThis study examines the property valuation process of Municipalities in South Africa and develops a strategy for strengthening that process in order to more efficiently value properties and ultimately to enhance municipal balance sheets and increase revenue streams. This study proposes an innovative valuation method based
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