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Economics
Coca Cola uses the equity method of accounting and, inherent in that and similar to it the SABC (activity-based costing) method.
There are three cost accounting techniques:
The Cost method -- the company records all income as received and gains or losses are only realized when the item is actually sold or destructed. When a company owns 20% or less of another company, the Cost method is the preferred method.
Consolidation -- here financial statements of the parents and its subsidiaries are combined so that the net assets of both are reported together.
The Equity Method -- used when a company owns more than 20% but less than 50% of another company. The income from these products is recorded as a single line item on the financial statements. Coca-Cola owns less than 50% of its bottlers so it uses the Equity method. This method of accounting is usually applied when the company in question own more than 50% of another company.
The Equity method is related to ABC costing since only the indirect costs -- not those of labor, management, environment (Lockhart & Taylor, 2007) etc. are assigned to the products. This is beneficial for the company, as we will see, since it leverages its income on its income sheet.
The problem with Coke's accounting method -- and this is why there has been so...
Changes have been called for since even though Coke owns less than 50% of the bottling company, it dominates and imposes changes on them that makes these bottlers very much under their jurisdiction.
To understand why this may be problematic one has to understand the Equity method and the difference between the Equity method and Consolidation.
Companies who use the Equity method keep investments off their balance sheet, so if Coke owns 40% of its bottler and that bottler earns $1,000, Coke following the Equity Method adds $400 to its bottom line and to its balance sheet.
The Equity Method, using this strategy, benefit Coke's income statement since the income statement shows only the profits not the costs of the bottlers, hence only the high margin end not the low-margin business of the bottler is reflected on Coke's financial statements making it attractive to present and potential shareholders.
The balance sheet reflects a different reality. Coke's bottlers generally have a great deal of capital in both financing and debt and this appears on their balance sheet, but the syrup maker (of the actual coke beverage) doesn't have…
Lockhart, Julie and Taylor, Audrey, (2007). Environmental considerations in product mix decisions using ABC and TOC. Management Accounting Quarterly. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1411673321&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1301590287&clientId=29440
Weiss P. (nd) Accounting at Coke
http://www.public.asu.edu/~bac524/accounting_at_coke_and_cokes_bottling_woes.pdf
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