The United States is a large, complex nation and requires a sophisticated and multifaceted response The National Response Framework (2016) is a guide, released by the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) that offer direction in responding to national disasters to state, county, and local agencies as well as to individuals and non-government organizations which strive to assist in disaster relief. Scalability and flexibility is a critical concern of the model. Either part or all of its structures can be implemented, depending upon the nature of the event. For example, some areas of the nation are more likely to be impacted by natural disasters such as hurricanes or tornadoes, and concentrating resources and planning with knowledge of the specific circumstances of such likely areas of impact are ideal.
Even regarding human-generated disasters like terrorism requires advance planning to some degree, and areas of likely targets may be more apt to be urban or military in nature. The components of the National Response Framework include strategies for prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. This four phases of the disaster response framework reflects the philosophy that ideally preventing disasters, both natural and manmade, is ideal. But at present it is not realistic to assume that all disasters can be prevented, and thus there are mitigation and protection strategies to deal with this fact. Depending on the nature of the organization, more of its efforts may be devoted to one of the four phases, but effective management still requires every relief agency to be at least somewhat aware of and involved in participating all phases of such efforts. The four phases, although they may not be simultaneously engaged in for all disasters, are all interlinked.
Local, County, and State Emergency Management Organizations
State of New Jersey Office of Emergency Management
For example, in the state of New Jersey, on a state level,...
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) has required that the Emergency Management Institute (EMI) meet NIMS requirements. In 2005, the EMI department of Homeland Security created the Incident Command System (ICS) and, on January 1, 2006, instituted new courses designed specifically for training Law Enforcement, Public Works and ICS disciplines. For schools, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools is offering training sessions to provide schools
According to the Congressman, there is a basic lack of interoperability across more than 80% of the United States' first responders. They are not able to communicate with each other, and are therefore also not able to launch adequate rescue operations, particularly during times of large-scale emergencies. According to the report, it was found that at least 121 of the 343 fire fighters who died could have been saved had
Function #1: Mitigation At this stage, gradual and long-term steps are taken to ensure that disasters do not occur, or that, when they do, they cause minimal damage. Actions at this stage include the identification of hazards, the research of the causes which generate the disaster, the creation of means in which to modify the causes of the disasters, the development of means which reduce the community's vulnerability to the disaster,
Slide 9: Technological innovations in emergency management The starting point in the creation of a plan on how to improve our program from a technological standpoint has been constituted by the review of the it industry. The scope of this research has been that of identifying the innovations in the field and their relevance for our agency and its mission. The results of the research endeavor are briefly presented below: GIS is
S. DHS "Strategic Plan," 2008, http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/strategicplan/) Realistically acts of terrorism, domestic or foreign are exceedingly rare, though slightly more common than they have been in the past and at least marginally more violent in nature, they occur very, very rarely. (Lewis, 2000, p. 201) Though maintaining serious preparedness the mitigation of natural disasters, most which cannot be avoided is an issue needed to be addressed almost yearly, on both small
Emergency and Disaster Management: Hurricanes Katrina and Ike In the recent decades, the United States of America has increasingly experienced various disasters not only from natural sources but also from industry and technology. The country has even faced deliberate disasters from terrorist sources. Unfortunately, there is no attenuation or lessening that is in sight at the moment. The predictions regarding the weather disturbances are increasing. There has been a continuation in
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