Accounting is the language of business. It allows shareholders, creditors and stakeholders and management gauge the overall performance of the business enterprise. Through the results of this financial evaluation, potential investor or creditors can better assess the economic realities facing the company. This allows for society to make better informed decisions as it relates to capital distribution. Well run companies that earn high returns on capital, often garner of higher share of societies financial capital. Likewise those business or industries that don't earn a high enough return to compensate investors for the risks they are taking, do not obtain large amounts of capital. The technology industry for example, earns a high returns on capital and can therefore earn large inflows of investor capital. The airline industry however, earns abysmal rates of return and can therefore have a hard time raising capital. Accounting forms the basis of this decision making on the part of shareholders, creditors and stakeholders. Without truthful accounting the reflects economic reality, many error can be made (Cellan-Jones, 2005)
When reflecting on the Cendant case, management didn't fairly and adequately represent the true economic performance of the business. Instead, they mislead shareholder into believing the firm was doing better than it actually was. This, as the case illustrates,...
Due to this principle-agent problem, Cendant management did not perform admirably with respect to shareholders.
The first aspect of this principle-agent problem is due to incentives. Management simply wanted to meet Wall-Street expectations at the expense of shareholders. They were more concerned with meeting those expectations and therefore engaged in very aggressive accounting. For example, Cendant use revenue recognition shenanigans to inflate earnings. Looking at company filings, it becomes apparent that Cendant was failing to amortize solicitation costs from sales over the same period in which it reported its revenue from memberships. Management, in order to make the company appear to have steady and consistent earnings growth, would pull money from the deferred revenue account and applied it to revenue. Cendant also committed egregious accounting fraud by making fictitious bookkeeping entries. These entries included, understating membership cancellations, and reserving cancellation reserves directly into revenue. All of these techniques mislead investors into believing the company was growing steadily and consistently. In reality however, the economic performance of the company was deteriorating. Management did not uphold its obligations to shareholders as it was not forthright…
